Electric Field Effect) (Charge Carrier) cm -2

Transkript

1 32 /? cm x 2 cm? R. E. Peierls L. D. Landau [1] (Interatomic Distance)N. D. Mermin ( ) 2004 K. S. Novoselov et al. (Graphene)[2] K. S. Novoselov A. K. Geim 010 ( Twodimensional (2D) Honeycomb Lattice) (Fullerene) (Carbon Nanotube) (Graphite) 1 [ 1 ] (Ambipolar Electric Field Effect) (Charge Carrier) cm -2 2 [1] (300 K) (Mobility) 15,000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 1,350 cm 2 V -1 s cm 2 V -1 s -1[3] (Impurity Scattering) (Electrically Doped Device (Gate Voltage) ) (n > cm -2 ) 10,000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 n 5x10 12 cm -2 (Mean Free Path) 0.4 (m) [2] (Ballistic Transport) K. S. Novoselov et al. (Mechanical Exfoliation) [2] (Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite, HOPG)

2 NANO COMMUNICATION 20 No (Fullerene) (Carbon Nanotube) (Graphite) [1] (few layer graphene FLG ) 10 (d 3 nm) 100 [5] [6] (Two-dimensional Assembly of Reduced Graphene Oxides) [7] (Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD) [8-9] [8-9] (Multilayer Graphene Film) [10-11] (Ni)

3 34 (Confocal Scanning Raman Image) 3(c)(d) 3(e) ( ) 1,350 cm -1 D- (band) - (First Order Scattering of Zone-boundary Phonons) (Defect) 1580 cm -1 G- sp 2,700 cm -1 2D- - (Second Order Scattering of Zone-boundary Phonons) G- 2 (Ambipolar Electric Field Effect) (Conical low-energy Spectrum E(k)) (Fermi energy E F ) (Vg) ( ) ( ) n = Vg 300 nm SiO2 = 7.2x10 10 cm -2 V -1 (Resistivity) ( 5,000 c m 2 V - 1 s - 1 ) [ 1 ] (Graphitic Layer) (Nickel Foil) 3(a) [8] K. S. Kim et al. / (Si/SiO2) 300 (nm) [8] (Si/SiO2/Ni) 1000 (CH4:H2:Ar = 50:65:200 sccm) 10 /s 300 (Si / SiO2 (300 nm) / Ni (300 nm)) cm x 2 cm 3(a) [8] 3(b) 300 G- 2D- ( ) [8,12] 2D- D- 3(d) 3(c) (Opacity) % (< 0.1%).3% (Transmittance) [13] [14] (Flexible Electronics)

4 NANO COMMUNICATION 20 No (a) (300 nm) (1-mm Ni foil ) (b) (c) 300 (d) (c) (Confocal Scanning Raman Image) G-band 2D-band ( )(e) (c) (d) ( 532 nma.u.: arbitrary units) [8] ( ) [[1] A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, The Rise of Graphene, Nature Materials, 6, pp , [2] K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon films, Science, 306, pp , 2004.

5 36 [3] Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, U.S.A., 7th edition, [4] Simon M. Sze, Physics of Semiconduttor Devices, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,U.S.A., 2nd edition, [5] T. Ohta, A. Bostwick, T. Seyller, K. Horn, and E. Rotenberg, Controlling the Electronic Structure of Bilayer Graphene, Science, 313, pp , [13] R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, and A. K. Geim, Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene, Science, 320, pp. 1308, [14] K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Falko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, A Roadmap for Graphene, Nature, 490, pp , [6] P. W. Sutter, J.-I. Flege, and E. A. Sutter, Epitaxial Graphene on Ruthenium, Nature Materials, 7, pp , [7] D. A. Dikin, S. Stankovich, E. J. Zimney, R. D. Piner, G. H. B. Dommett, G. Evmenenko, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Paper, Nature, 448, pp , [8] K. S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. Jang, S. Y. Lee, J. M. Kim, K. S. Kim, J.-H. Ahn, P. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, and B. H. Hong, Large-scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes, Nature, 457, pp , [9] X. Li, W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, J. Nah, D. Yang, R. Piner, A. Velamakanni, I. Jung, E. Tutuc, S. K. Banerjee, L. Colombo, and R. S. Ruoff, Large-Area Synthesis of High-quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils, Science, 324, pp , [10] X. Chen, D. Akinwande, K.-J. Lee, G. F. Close, S. Yasuda, B. C. Paul, S. Fujita, J. Kong, and H.-S. P. Wong, Fully Integrated Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Interconnects for Gigahertz High-speed CMOS Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 57(11), pp , [11] M. Nihei, CNT/Graphene Technologies for Advanced Interconnects and TSVs, SEMATECH Symposium Taiwan, Oct. 18, [12] A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, Raman Spectrum of Graphene and Graphene Layers, Physical Review Letters, 97, , 2006.