nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng krokn% Lo:i] lel;k vkf.k mik;

Transkript

1 Review Of ReseaRch impact factor : (Uif) UGc approved JOURnal no issn: X volume - 7 issue - 7 april nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng krokn% Lo:i] lel;k vkf.k mik; izk- dy;k.k ojgs jkt; kkl= fohkkx izeq[k] efgyk dyk egkfo ky; chm- ¼egkjk Vª½ izlrkouk%& ng kroknkus vkt laiw.kz txkyk fog[kk?kkryk vkgs- ng krokn Eg.kts fgalsp;k ekxkzus yksdkae/;s ng kr iljowu dk;ns khj fdaok csdk;ns khj ekxkzus vkiy;k ekx.;k eku; dj.;klkbh ljdkjoj ncko vk.k.ks gks;- 1 kl=s fdaok gr;kjkapk okij d:u jktdh; mfì VizkIrhlkBh turse/;s Hkhrh fdaok vlqj{khrrsps okrkoj.k fuekz.k dj.ks gs ng krok kaps mfì V vlrs- ng krokn gh,d ekul kkl=h; ladyiuk vlwu vkr;afrd Hkhrhph Hkkouk fuekz.k dj.ks gk ng kroknkpk eq[; xkhkk vkgs- ng krok kapk laca/k ng kroknh gyy;kr cgh xsysy;k yksdka kh ulrks rj gyy;keqgs cgh xsysy;k yksdkaps ukrsokbzd] fe= eamgh o brj gtkjks yksdkap;k eukr th Hkhrh o ng krhph Hkkouk r;kj gksrs R;kP;k kh ng kok kapk laca/k vlrksikjaifjd ng kroknkps Lo:i vfr k; e;kzfnr gksrs- fof k V /;s; fdaok mfì Vkus izsfjr gksowu,dk fof k V izns kkr vkiyh ng kr fuekz.k d:u vkiys opzlo izlfkkfir dj.;kpk ng krok kapk gsrw fnlr gksrk- R;klkBh rs jktdh; usr;kaph gr;k] egrokp;k O;Drhaps vigj.k fdaok foeku vigj.k v kk ra=kapk voyac djr vly;kps fun kzukl ;sr gksrs- eksbókk izek.kkr thfor gkuh o forr gkuh dj.;kpk ng krok kapk ekul fnlr uogrk ek= 11 livsacj 2001 P;k vesfjdsp;k U;w;kWdZ o isavkxkwu kgjkojhy ng kroknh gyy;kps Lo:i c?krk vkarjjk Vªh; Lrjkojhy ng kroknkps foøkg o fod`r Lo:i vkiy;k fun kzukl ;sbzy- vkt eksbókk izek.kkr ng kroknh dkjok;kap;k ek/;ekrwu thfor o forrgkuh?kmowu vk.kwu vkiyk izhkko n`< dj.;kpk txhkjkrhy ng kroknh la?kvukapk ekul fnlrks vkgs- txkrhy lozp Hkkxkr ng kroknh la?kvukaps izlfk vlwu nf{k.k vkf k;k ek= ng kroknh la?kvukaps ekgsj?kj >kys vkgs- vusd vkarjjk Vªh; ng kroknh la?kvukaps vflrro ikfdlrku] vqxkf.klrku rlsp ckaxykns kkr fnlwu ;srs- ok<r;k ng kroknh dkjok;kaeqgs ;k izns kkpk fodkl [kqavyk vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknkps Lo:i izdv dj.ks o ng krokn izfrca/kkred mik; lqpfo.ks ;k mìs kkus lnj kks/k fuca/kkps dke la kks/kdkus gkrh?ksrys vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng krokn%& nf{k.k vkf k;k gk vkf k;k [kamkrhy,d HkkSxksfyd izns k vkgs- Hkkjr] ikfdlrku] ckaxykns k o Jhyadk gs Hkkjrh; mi[kamkrhy izeq[k ns k rlsp usikg] vqxkf.klrku] Hkwrku o ekynho gókk vkb ns kkauk lk/kkj.ki.ks nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns k ekuys tkrs- nf{k.k vkf k;kpk folrkj 5-1 n ky{k pks-dh-ehvlwu vkf k;k [kamkrhy VDds rj txkp;k 3-4 VDds Hkw{ks= nf{k.k vkf k;kus O;kiys vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;kph yksdla[;k djksm vlwu txkrhy lokzf/kd yksdla[;k o yksdla[;sph?kurk vlysyk izns k Eg.kwu nf{k.k vkf k;kph vksg[k vkgs- vkf k;krhy togikl 40 VDds rj txkrhy 24 VDds yksdla[;k nf{k.k vkf k;kr fuokl djrs- 2 1

2 orzeku ifjflfkrhr nf{k.k vkf k;k vflfkj o v kkar cuyk vlwu R;kph ewg ;sfkhy lkekftd] vkffkzd] jktdh; ifjflfkrhr lkimrkr- MkWfeuhd eksb>h ;k Qzsap fopkjoarkp;k ers vkt vkarjjk Vªh; jktdkj.kkps dasnz if pe ;qjksidmwu vkf k;k [kamkdms LFkykarjhr >kys vkgs- olkgroknh kks k.kkyk cgh imysyh vkf k;kbz jk Vªs vkiy;k vkffkzd izxrhp;k vk/kkjkoj vkarjjk Vªh; jktdkj.kkp;k dsanzlfkkuh vkgsr Hkkjr phu tiku v kk vkf k;kbz jk Vªkaph izxrh txkyk /kddk ns.kkjh vkgs- cgqla[; vkf k;kbz jk Vªkauh vkffkzd mnkjhdj.k vkf.k fodklkph dkl /kjy;keqgs R;kauk kkarrsph vko ;drk gksrh- ifj.kkeh R;kauh ijlijkae/khy jktdh; la?k kz kkarrsp;k ekxkzus lksmfo.;koj Hkj fnyk gksrk- rfkkfi] 2010 uarj vkf k;k [kamkrhy vkffkzd] jktdh; rlsp laj{k.k fo k;d flfkrh >kikvókkus cnyw ykxyh- vkt vkf k;k [kam dekyhpk vflfkj o v kkar cuyk vkgs- vkf k;kbz jk Vªkapk laj{k.kkojhy [kpkzr ok< >kyh vlwu kl=kl= Li/kkZ fuekz.k >kyh vkgs- jktdh; iz ukauh xahkhj Lo:Ik /kkj.k dsys vlwu vkf k;k [kamkrhy flfkrh ;q/nle >kyh vkgs- 3 ;kyk nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknh dkjok;k tckcnkj vly;kps vkiy;k fun kzukl ;sbzynf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknkus ;k izns kkpk fodkl [kaqvyk vlwu ng kroknkp;k izfrca/kklkbh lozp nf{k.k vkf k;kbz jk Vªs izfrc/n vkgsr- Eg.kwup 1985 lkyh nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns kkauh izknsf kd] jktdh; o okf.kt; laca/k cgdv dj.;klkbh lkdzph LFkkiuk dsyh o 2004 lkyh nf{k.k vkf k;kbz eqdr O;kikj djkjkyk eku;rk fnyh- ek= kstkjh jk VªkaP;k f}i{kh; laca/kkr vktgh dvwrk vlwu ng krokn fu;a=.kkr lkrr;kus vi; k ;sr vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknkyk rhu izdkjkr oxhzd`r djrk ;sbzy- 1- /kkfezd ewyrrooknkrwu mn;kl vkysyk ng krokn & ;kr ikfdlrku] vqxkf.klrku] ckaxykns k o Hkkjrkrhy dkf eje/;s /kekzp;k ukokoj ng kr iljfo.kkú;k ng kroknh la?kvukapk lekos k gksrks- 2- MkO;k fopkjlj.khps mxzoknh & ;kr Hkkjrkrhy u{kyoknh ng krokn rlsp usikge/khy ekvksoknh ng kroknkpk lekos k djrk ;sbzy- 3- vfyirrkoknkrwu mn;kyk vkysyk ng krokn & ;kr Hkkjrkrhy [kfylrkuh] myqk o cksmks rlsp dkf ej e/khy ng kroknkpk lekos k djrk ;sbzynf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknkps Lo:i%& 1½ Hkkjrkrhy ng kroknkps Lo:i%& Hkkjr Lokra«;ksÙkj dkgkiklwup ng kroknkp;k lel;sus xzlr vkgs- Hkkjrkr QkG.kh vkf.k dk ehjpk iz u ng kroknk kh laca/khr vkgs- ikfdlrkuh y dj vkf.k ng kroknh la?kvuk Hkkjrkr tk.khoiwozd vflfkjrk fuekz.k dj.;klkbh ng krhpk okij djr vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy ng krokn osxosxgókk Lo:ikr fnlwu ;srks- dk ehj e/;s vusd vkarjjk Vªh; ng kroknh la?kvuk lfø; vkgsr- dkf eje/khy /kkfezd ng krokn gh Hkkjrkiq<hy lokzr eksbh lel;k vkgs uarj dkf eje/;s ng kroknh dkjok;kr ok< >kysyh fnlwu ;srs- vyxkooknh la?kvukauh ftgknp;k ukok[kkyh dkf eje/;s ng krokn QksQkoyk- dêjrkoknh blykfed la?kvuk ;k ng kroknkps eqg vkgs- 4 fgtcqy eqtkfgfìu] teew dkf ej fycjs ku ÝaV] vy dk;nk ;klkj[;k la?kvuk o kstkjph eqflye jk Vªs ;kap;k enrhus dkf ej Hkkxkr ng kr iljfoyh tkr vkgs- R;kpizek.ks Hkkjrkr izknsf kd ng kroknh la?kvukae/;s [kfylrku eqdrh vk?kkmh] f=iqjk jk Vªh; vk?kkmh] vklkeh ;qukvsm fycjs ku ÝaV ef.kiqj ;klkj[ks fofo/k xv dk;zjr vkgsr- iatkce/;s [kfylrku gs osxgs jkt; vflrkrokr ;kos ;klkbh fhkamjoky ;kap;k usr`rok[kkyh [kfylrkuh ng krokn mn;kl vkyk- 1984&85 e/;s ;k ng kroknkus iatkce/;s mxz Lo:i /kkj.k dsys gksrs- iatkce/khy rrdkyhu iksyhl izeq[k ;kauh 1993&94 e/;s ng kroknkp;k izfrca/kklkbh ts mik; lqpfoys R;kpk voyac jkt; ljdkjus dsy;keqgs iatkce/kwu [kfylrku pgog iqjld`r ng krokn laiq Vkr vkyh- 5 2

3 R;kpizek.ks u{kyoknh ng krokn gh ns[khy Hkkjrkiq<hy,d izeq[k lel;k vkgs- Hkkjrkrhy u{kyoknh pgog gh phu e/khy ekvksokn iz.khr vkgs- lkezkt; kkghpk var d:u lke;oknkpk txhkj izlkj dj.;kp;k mìs kkus u{kyoknh pgog lq: >kyh- Hkkjrh; dsanzh; x`g ea=ky;k}kjs izkir vkdmsokjhuqlkj 20 jkt;krhy 223 ftygs u{kyoknkus izhkkfor vkgsr- 6 2½ ikfdlrkukrhy blykeh ng krokn%& nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ikfdlrkuyk ng kroknkps ekgsj?kj lacks/krk ;sbzy- ikfdlrkukrhy ng kroknkyk varxzr vkf.k ckgók ng krokn v kk nksu izdkjkr oxhzd`r djrk ;srs- ikfdlrkukr /kkfezd mxzokn izcg vlwu R;keqGs ikfdlrkups varxzr rlsp ckgók jktdh; laca/kkaoj ifj.kke >kyk vkgs- ikfdlrkue/khy ns kkarxzr ng kroknh la?kvukaeqgs ns kkph varxzr lqj{kk O;oLFkk /kksd;kr vkyh vkgs- R;keqGsp ikfdlrkuus rgjhd&,&rkfycku] y dj&,&>kaxoh] egnh fefyf k;k ;klkj[;k LFkkfud ng kroknh la?kvukaoj canh yknyh vkgs- ;kf kok; eksykuk lqqh eksgeen ;kauh LFkkiu dsysyh ng kroknh la?kvuk rsgfjd&,&uqkt&,& kfj;r&,&eksgeenh gh la?kvuk ns[khy ikfdlrkue/;s løh; vkgs- 7 R;kpizek.ks ikfdlrkukrhy vkarjjk Vªh; ng kroknh la?kvuse/;s vy~&dk;nk ;k la?kvuspk lekos k djrk ;sbzy- rj jkt; iqjld`r ng kroknh xvkr DosVk lqjk rkfycku] fgct&bz&blykeh] y dj&,&rks;ck] tekr&mn&nok vkf.k ts k&,&eksgaeen] gjdr&my&eqtkfgfìu ;k la?kvukapk myys[k djrk ;sbzy- flikbz&,&lkfgck vkf.k flikbz&,&eqgeen ;k la?kvuk ikfdlrkukrhy lkaiznkf;d ng kroknkyk tckcnkj vkgsr- 8 ikfdlrkukr /kkfezd ewyrrookngh vf/kd izcg vlwu nf{k.k vkf k;kr ikfdlrku gk /kkfezd ewyrùookn vkf.k /kkfezd ng kroknkps dsanz cuyk vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;kr fgalkpkj?kmowu vk.k.kkú;k ng kroknh la?kvukap;k lnl;kauk ikfdlrkue/;s izf k{k.k fegr vkgs-^ikfdlrkukrhy gddkfu;k enjlk gk,d ng kroknh fuekz.k dj.;kpk eksbk dkj[kkuk cuyk vlwu ;k gddkfu;k enj ;ke/;s ngk yk[k fo kf;kzauk mxzoknh blykeps f k{k.k fnys tkr vkgs- ;k gddkuh lalfks}kjs dk ehj fegfo.;klkbh Hkkjrkfo:/n ftgkn iqdkjys vkgs-* 9 vfydms ikfdlrkukrhy ng kroknkus O;kid :i /kkj.k dsys vkgs- ikfdlrkukr 2003 iklwu rs 2017 i;zar >kysy;k fofo/k ng kroknh gyy;kae/;s,dw.k 62]579 yksdkapk e`r;w >kyk vkgs- 10 ikfdlrkuh kklukp;k vkdmsokjhuqlkj 2001 rs 2010 ;k dkgkr ikfdlrkups 68 fcyh;u MkWylZps uqdlku >kys vkgs- 11 ;ko:u ikfdlrkukrhy ng kroknh?kvukaph O;kidrk vkiy;k y{kkr ;sbzy- 3½ vqxkf.klrku e/khy ng krokn%& HkkjrkP;k kstkjh vqxkf.klrku gk MksaxjkG izns k vlwu rs,d ekxklysys jk Vª vkgs e/;s lksfog,r jf k;kus vqxkf.klrkuoj vkøe.k d:u gk izns k vkiy;k rkc;kr?ksryk- ijarq fgalkpkj vkf.k vjktdrk ;keqgs jf k;kyk ;k izns kkrwu ek?kkj?;koh ykxyh- vqxkf.klrkue/;s ewyrùookn ¼Fundamentalism½ tklr ixmk vkgs- eqyrrookn Eg.kts blykeph th eq[; rros vkgsr] dqjk.k] /kezxzafk rlsp ijaijk ;kapk R;kauk vk/kkj vkgs R;kizek.ks lkekftd] jktdh; rlsp vkffkzd O;oLFkk izlfkkfir dj.ks gks;- 12 vqxkf.klrkue/;s vy&gjdr&my eqtkfgìhu] y dj&,&rks;ck] vy~&dk;nk v kk dkgh ng kroknh la?kvuk lfø; vkgsr- 11 livsacj 2001 jksth vy~&dk;nk ;k vfrjsdh la?kvusp;k ng krok kauh vesfjdsp;k pkj foekukaps vigj.k d:u rs oymz VªsM lsavjoj rlsp,d isuvkxkwup;k bekjrhoj vkngoys- ;k gyy;kr gtkjks yksd ekjyh xsyh- R;kuarj vesfjdsus vqxkf.klrkue/;s vkiys lsu;?kwlowu 2 es 2011 jksth vy~&dk;nk la?kvuspk izeq[k vkslek fcu yknsuyk Bkj dsys- 13 vqxkf.klrkue/;s ng krokn QksQko.;klkBh rsfkhy vflfkj lkekftd] vkffkzd O;oLFkk ns[khy dkj.khhkwr vkgs- vkffkzd ekxklysi.kkeqgs ;k Hkkxkr eknd nzo;kaph rldjh rlsp R;kaP;k mriknukyk 3

4 izksrlkgu fegr xsys- eknd nzo;kap;k rldjhr vqxkf.klrku vk?kkmhoj vlwu ;k O;ogkjkrwu feg.kkjk islk ng kroknh la?kvuk ng kr iljfo.;klkbh djr vkgsr- 4½ ckaxykns kkrhy ng krokn%& nf{k.k vkf k;kr ikfdlrkuuarj ng krokn iljfo.;kr ckaxykns kkpk eksbk okvk vkgs- vkiy;k mnjfuokzgkp;k n`f Vus vusd ckaxkykns kh r:.k Hkkjrkr ;sr vkgsr rj dkgh blykep;k ukok[kkyh Hkkjrkfojks/kh ng kroknh xvkae/;s lkehy gksr vkgsr- ckaxykns k ljdkjus ng kroknh la?kvukadms tkf.koiwozd nqyz{k dsy;keqgsp jktdh; laj{k.kk[kkyh gjdr&my&ftgkn&vy&blykeh ckaxkykns k ¼gqth&ch½ vkf.k tekr&my&eqtkfgìhu ckaxykns k ¼ts,e ch½ ;klkj[ks dkgh fgald vfrjsdh xv mn;kl vkys vkgsr- rkyhckuh fopkjlj.khuqlkj pky.kkú;k ;k ng kroknh xvkauh ckaxykns kps lkekftd] vkffkzd] jktdh; thou vflfkj dsys vkgs rs 2015 ;k rhu o kkzp;k dkgkr ckaxykns kkr 752 ng kroknh dkjok;kar 958 yksd t[keh rj 138 yksd e`r;weq[kh imys vkgsr- 14 ckaxykns kke/;s blykfed jktov LFkkiu dj.ks gs ;k ng kroknh la?kvukaps mfì V vlwu vqxkf.klrkue/khy rkyhckuh jktovhp;k vlrkuarj 150 gwu vf/kd ng kroknh la?kvukauh ckaxykns kke/;s vkj;?ksry;kps fnlwu ;sbzy- 5½ Jhyadsrhy ng krokn%& Jhyadsr izkeq[;kus ^fycjs ku Vk;xlZ vkwq rkfeg bzye* vfkkzr fyês ;k la?kvus}kjs okaf kd jk Vªoknh ng krokn rlsp turk foewdrh isjkewuk ¼JVP½ ;k lke;oknh i{kk}kjs iqjld`r MkO;k fopkjlj.khrwu vkysyk ng krokn lfø; gksrk- Jhyadsr cgqla[; flagyh vkf.k vyila[;kad rfeg ;kap;kr tks rfeg la?k kz lq: gksrk rks togikl pkj n kds pkyyk- Jhyadsrhy rfeg la?k kz Eg.kts rfeg Hkk kh; O;Drhauh osxgk ns k ekx.;klkbh dsysyk mbko gksrk- gk y<k fyês izeq[k izhkkdj.kp;k e`r;wuarj laiq Vkr vkyk- f kok; Jhyadu ljdkjus ;kiq<s rfegkackcr nqtkhkko ckgxyk tk.kkj uly;kps vk oklu fny;keqgs gk la?k kz deh >kyk vkgs- Jhyadsrhy fyêspk izhkko deh >ky;keqgs Jhyadsrhy fgalkpkjkyk vkgk clyk vkgs- 19 es 2009 jksth fyês izeq[k izhkkdj.kyk Jhyadu lsu;kus ekjys uarj 2018 lkyk i;zar Jhyadsr ng krokn fdaok fgalkpkjkeqgs dsog 3 yksdkapkp e`r;w >kysyk fnlrks rs 2009 i;zar ek= cghaph la[;k gh 41]338 brdh fnlrs- 15 Eg.ktsp fyês la?kvuspk fceksm dsy;kusp Jhyadsrhy ng kroknh dkjok;kauk vkgk?kky.;kr Jhyadu ljdkjyk ; k vkys vkgs- 6½ usikge/khy ng krokn%& HkkjrkP;k kstkjh usikg jk Vªkr jkts kkgh i/nr gksrh- vkffkzd n` Vhus ekxkl vlysy;k ;k ns kkr Hkkjrkizek.ksp yksd kkgh kklu i/nrh vlkoh ;klkbh jkts kkgh fo:/n cam iqdkjys R;krwu vusd ng kroknh dkjok;k usikge/;s?kmwu vkysy;k fnlrkr- usikge/;s izkeq[;kus ekvksoknh la?kvuka}kjs ng krokn iljfoyk tkr vkgs- de;qfulv ikvhz vkwq usikg ¼ekvksoknh½ gh usikg e/khy,d jktdh; ikvhz vlwu R;kph LFkkiuk 1994 e/;s >kyh- iq ik dey ngy gs ;k la?kvusps orzeku v/;{k vkgsr- la?kvusph mhkkj.kh phups de;qfulv usrs ekvks&rls&rqax ;kap;k fopkjlj.khoj >kysyh vkgs- izfrxkeh ljdkj myfkowu yksdkaph lùkk izlfkkfir dj.ks gs ;k i{kkps izeq[k /;s; gksrsusikge/;s turka=hd rsjkbz eqdrh ekspkz] jk Vªh; lqj{kk lsuk] th,q ihjke/khj lsuk] engs kjk Vªh; turkaf=d ikvhz gh Hkwfexr rsjkbz la?kvuk] rsjkbz vkehz gh vkkr la?kvuk lfø; vlwu usikg e/;s ng kr vkf.k fgalkpkj iljfo.;klkbh ;k la?kvuk tckcnkj vly;kps fnlwu ;srsusikge/khy ekvksoknh la?kvukauh jkts kkgh fojks/kkr ts cam iqdkjys R;kyk ksovh ; k vkys vlwu jkts X;kusanz ;kauk ik;mrkj Ogkos ykxys o 2008 e/;s yksd kkgh O;oLFkk LFkkiu djkoh ykxyh- R;keqGs 4

5 2007&08 lkykiklwu usikge/khy fgalkpkjkr?kv >kyh vlwu ekxhy ikp o kkzr rj,dgh O;Drh fgalkpkjkyk cgh imysyk fnlr ukghv kk izdkjs nf{k.k vkf k;kr ng krokn vkf.k fgalsps Lo:i vkgs- ;k ng kroknkeqgs nf{k.k vkf k;kp;k fodklkyk f[kg clyh vlwu ekxhy dkgh o kkzr nf{k.k vkf k;k vf/kd vflfkj cuyk vkgsnf{k.k vkf k;kr izkeq[;kus /kkfezd eqyrùooknkrwu ng kroknh dkjok;k eksbókk izek.kkr?kmwu ;sr vlwu vqxkf.klrku] ikfdlrku] ckaxykns k ;k eqlyhe jk Vªkae/;s v kk dêjoknh blykfed ng kroknkps izlfk vkgs- /kekzp;k vk/kkjs dkgh /kekza/k yksdkauh txhkjkr gk /kkfezd ng krokn iljfoyk vkgs- ;k blykfed ng kroknkyk ng kroknh ^ftgkn* vls Eg.krkr- r:.kkauk /kekzp;k ukok[kkyh Hkwyfoys tkrs- /kkfezd rùokapk pwfdpk vfkz lkaxwu R;kauk xsjd`r;s dj.;kl Hkkx ikmys tkrs- oklrfod ikgrk ^ftgkn* Eg.kts la?k kz dj.ks] rks la?k kz Lor%P;k fopkjka kh vlrks- ;kr dqbsgh fu iki yksdkapk cgh?ksryk tkok vlk myys[k ukgh- ftgkn Eg.kts Lor%P;k vkry;k voxq.kka kh la?k kz gks; ek= ng krok ka}kjs ftgkn Eg.kts vblykfed yksdka kh la?k kz vlk?ksryk xsyk- R;krwu brj /kfez;kafo k;h r:.kkap;k euke/;s }s k fuekz.k dsyk xsyk o R;kaP;k dùkyh dj.;kl Hkkx ikmys tkrs- gs vekuoh; d`r; vlwu R;kyk osghp ik;can?kkryk xsyk ikfgtsng kroknkeqgsp nf{k.k vkf k;kph okvpky v/kksxrhdms gksr vkgs- Eg.kwup ng kroknkyk osghp ik;can?kky.ks vko ;d vkgs- R;keqGs nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ns kkae/;s izknsf kd ikrghoj lgdk;z o`/nhaxr gks.;klkbh rlsp ok<r;k ng kroknkyk ik;can?kky.;klkbh nf{k.k vkf k;kbz izknsf kd lg;ksx la?kvuk ¼South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation-SAARC) vfkkzr lkdz la?kvusph LFkkiuk dsyh xsyh- ijarq ;k la?kvusykgh vkiyk Qkjlk izhkko ikmrk vkysyk ukgh- ng kroknkfo:/n y<k o izfrca/kkred mik;%& nf{k.k vkf k;kr ng kroknkfo:/n y<k lq: dj.kkjs Hkwrku gs ifgys jk Vª vkgs- fmlsacj 2003 e/;s ;k ns kkus izfkep Hkkjrh; cam[kksjkafo:/n dkjokbz dj.;kpk fu.kz;?ksryk- ;k cam[kksj xvkaps Hkwrkue/;s vusd fbdk.kh rg gksrs o R;kfBdk.kh R;kaps izf k{k.k lq: gksrs- HkwrkuP;k jktkus Lor% ;k xvkafo:/n dkjokbz d:u cam[kksjkaps mppkvu dsys- ;k d`rheqgs ng koknkps laiw.kzr% mppkvu >kysys ulys rjhgh Hkwrkue/khy ekvksoknh la?kvukauk Hkwrku ljdkjyk ik;can?kkyrk vkyk vkgs o,dk le`/n yksd kkghph fcts R;kfBdk.kh jksoyh xsyh vkgsr- ckaxykns kp;k n` Vhdksukrgh cny >kyk vlwu lrrsoj vky;kuarj nksup fnolkr ckaxykns kp;k iariz/kku ks[k glhuk ;kauh ckaxykns kkr ng kroknh xvkauk Fkkjk ns.kkj uly;kps uewn dsys- rlsp ng kroknh dkjok;kalkbh ckaxykns kp;k Hkwehpk okij d: ns.kkj uly;kps R;kauh Li V dsys- 16 Hkkjrkusgh ng kroknkp;k izfrca/kklkbh dkgh izhkkoh mik; ;kstuk dsysy;k vkgsr e/;s ng krokn fojks/kh dk;nk Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act (TADA) rlsp 2002 e/;s ng krokn izfrca/kkred dk;nk Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA) ikjhr dj.;kr vkys- eqacbzrhy 26 uksogsacj 2008 P;k vfrjsdh gyy;kuarj Hkkjr ljdkjp;k x`gea=ky;kus ng kroknkp;k izhkkoh izfrca/kklkbh dkgh lalfkkred cny dj.;kph fouarh dsysyh gksrh- R;kuqlkj jk Vªh; vuos k.k fohkkxkph ¼NIA½ LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyhikfdlrku ng kroknkps dsanz vlwugh ikfdlrku ljdkjus ng krokn fojks/kh Bksl vls mik; dsysys ukghr e/;s ng kroknkp;k izfrca/kklkbh ek= jk Vªh; ng krokn izfrca/kd izkf/kdj.k ¼The National Counter Terrorism Authority - NACTA½ ph LFkki.kk dsyh gksrh- ijarq gs izkf/kdj.k dks.kkp;k v[kr;kfjr vlys ikfgts- lsu; dh eqydh iz kklu laca/khp;k oknkeqgs lu 2013 i;zar ikfdlrku ljdkjus NACTA laca/khpk v/;kns k ikfjr dsysyk uogrk- es 2014 e/;s 5

6 NACTA us jk Vªh; varxzr lqj{kk /kksj.k izfl/n dsys R;kr enj kkae/khy lq/kkj.kk] lsfudkap;k {kerk o`/nhaxr dj.ks] ng krokn fojks/kh QkslZ r;kj dj.ks] izknsf kd lgdk;z ;k lkj[;k mik;kaoj Hkj fnysyk fnlrks- 17 nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ng kroknkpkk fceksm dj.;klkbh izknsf kd lgdk;kzf kok; Ik;kZ; ukgh tls Jhyadsus Hkkjr phup;k enrhus fyv~vs ;k ng koknh la?kvuspk fceksm dsyk- r khp enr izr;sd ns kkrhy ng koknh la?kvusp;k mppkvuklkbh ijlijkauh dj.;kph vko ;drk vkgs- ng kroknkp;k izfrca/kklkbh nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns kkauh dsysys os;fdrdfjr;k izfrca/kkred mik; viqjs vkgsr- nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns kkauh vkiyh varxzr ng krokn fojks/kh ;a=.kk dsog etcwr d:u ng kroknkyk kg ns.;kpk iz;ru dsysyk vkgs- vktp;k ng kroknkps vkarjjk Vªh; Lo:i c?krk R;kP;k izfrca/kklkbh lgdk;kzred f}i{kh; laca/k vf/kd egrokps B: kdrkr- Eg.kwup nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns kkauh lkdz la?kvusp;k ek/;ekrwu lgdk;kzred n` Vhdksukrwu izns kkrhy ng krokp;k izfrca/kklkbh 1987 e/;s ng krokn izfrca/kkred djkjkoj Lok{kÚ;k dsy;k- ek= nqnszokus gk djkj dsog dkxnksi=hp jkfgyk- ;kp;k vi; kkph izkeq[;kus nksu dkj.ks vkgsr-,drj dks.kr;kgh ns kkp;k jktdh; usr`rokus ;k djkjkp;k izhkkoh vaeyctko.khlkbh izkekf.kd iz;ru dsysys ukghr- vkf.k nksu Eg.kts ;k djkjk}kjs ns kkrhy eqyhkwr iz u u lksmfork ng kroknh la?kvukap;k mppkvuklkbh lsfudh; dkjok;kaoj vf/kd Hkj fnyk-,[kknk ns k tsogk ng kroknh dkjok;k Eg.kts vkiyk varxzr iz u vlwu vkiy;k i/nrhus R;kps fujkdj.k d: v kh Hkwfedk tsogk?ksrks rsogk lkdz la?kvusp;k ng krokn izfrca/kkred djkjkps ek= rks lksbzldji.ks myya?ku djrks- vkf.k lkdzp;k ckcrhr gsp >kysys vkgs- ng kroknkfo:/np;k y<ókkp;k ckcrhr nf{k.k vkf k;kbz jk Vªkae/;s,dh vkf.k lgerh fnlr ukgh R;keqGsp ng kroknkpk uk;ukv izns kkrwu kd; gksr ukgh- lkjka k%& vkt laiw.kz nf{k.k vkf k;k ng kroknkp;k Nk;s[kkyh okojr vkgs- bjkd o mùkj dksfj;kuarj nf{k.k vkf k;k gs txkrhy lokzr [krjukd o laosnu khy LFkku vkgs vls ik pkr; fopkjoarkaps er vkgs- vkt Hkkjr&ikfdLrku la?k kz] dkf ej la?k kz] Jhyadsrhy fyês la?k kz] usikge/khy ekvksoknhapk la?k kz] ckaxykns ke/khy blykeh dêjrkokn v kk?kvukaeqgs nf{k.k vkf k;krhy ifjflfkrh lkrr;kus la?k kze; o vflfkj cuysyh vkgs- vkffkzdn` VÓkkgh gk izns k ekxklysyk vlwu txkrhy lokzr ekxkl lety;k tk.kkú;k mi[kamkisdh,d vkgs- tkxfrd O;kikjkrhy R;kapk okvk vr;yi vkgs- xjhch] csdkjh] fueu thoulrj] ng krokn] /kkfezd ewyrrookn] fuj{kjrk] yksdla[;k ok< ;kalkj[ks dkgh leku iz u ;k mi[kamkrhy ns kkaps vkgsr- R;koj lgdk;kzp;k ek/;ekrwu rksmxk dk<.ks kd; vkgsvktoj vusd O;kikj la?kvukauh gs fl/n d:u nk[kfoys vkgs- laiw.kz tx gs vkffkzd vkf.k O;kikjh,dhdj.kkP;k fn ksus izokl djr vlrkuk nf{k.k vkf k;kbz ns kkauh ;krwu cks/k?ks.;kph vko ;drk vkgs- lanhkzlwph%& 1- iqjokj] gjheksgu ¼2011½ ^vkradokn vksj mldk osfnd mipkj* ;kno] ohjsunz flag ¼laik½ ^vkradokn dk vurjkz Vªh; ifjn` ;% pquksfr;kwa vksj lek/kku dh fn kk,wa* ubz fnyyh% vksesxk ifcyds kul] i`- Ø South Asia Hkkjrh] y{ehuk ¼2011½ ^ Hkkjr esa vkradoknh xfrfof/k;kwa % lel;k,oa lek/kku * ;kno] ohjsunz flag ¼laik½ ^vkradokn dk vurjkz Vªh; ifjn` ;% pquksfr;kwa vksj lek/kku dh fn kk,wa * ubz fnyyh% vksesxk ifcyds kul- i`- Ø- 96 rs 99 6

7 5- flagy],l- th- ¼2006½ ^Hkkjr dh fons k uhfr* vkxjk% y{eh ukjk;.k vxzoky- i`- Ø kj.k] kadj ¼2009½ ^ftgknh vkradokn* ubz fnyyh% jktiky,.m lul] i`- Ø mnxkaodj] e- u- ¼2007½ ^,dfolko;k krdkrhy ng krokn*] iq.ks% Mk;eaM ifcyds kul] i`- Ø Anand Kumar, Ed. (2012) The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation,INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI, Published by,pentagon PRESS, New Delhi. pp