izk- Hkkysjko lat; fd'kujko

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1 xzkelhkk % yksd'kkgh l{kehdj.kkps,d ek/;e izk- Hkkysjko lat; fd'kujko yksdiz'kklu fohkkxizeq[k f'kokth dyk] okf.kt; o fokku egkfo ky;] duum ft- vksjaxkckn bz&esy % sanjaybhalerao1979@gmail.com Abstract ^lppkk yksdra= ogh gs tks fupys Lrj ij yksaxks dh Hkkxhnkjh ij vk/kkjhr gks- ;g rhkh lahko gs tc xkao es jgus okys vke vkneh dks Hkh 'kklu ds ckjs es a QSalyk djus dk vf/kdkj feys-^ ¼dqekjh] 2014½ ^vkeph [ksmh Hkkjrk brdhp twuh vkgsr-^ ¼xka/kh] 2011½ vls jk"vªfirk egkrek xka/kh ;kauh EgVys gksrs- ;k [ksmîk brdhp izkphu vkeph xzkeiapk;r o xzkelhkk vkgs- dkj.k xkokpk dkjhkkj ikg.kkjh ^xzkeiapk;r^ gh yksdk;r lalfkk gksrh rj Lo;aiw.kZ 'kklu O;oLFkk Eg.kwu ^xzkelhkk^ gksrh- ;k dkgkr gh xkod&;kaph HkkSfrd] usfrd] vkffkzd o /kkfezd muurh dj.;kps vf/kdkj xkod&;kauh xzkelhksyk fny;kps fnlwu ;srs- FkksMD;kr] xzkelhksp;k Lo:Ik o dk;kzr O;kidrk ;sr xsyh- ^jdrkpk,d Fksac u lkamrk >kysys ifjorzu Eg.kts yksd'kkgh-^ vls MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kauh EgVys gksrs- ;kizek.ks nql&;k egk;q/nkuarj tkxfrd Lrjkojhy cgqrka'k jk"vªkauh yksd'kkgh 'kklu O;oLFkspk iqjldkj dsyk o Hkkjrkus 15 vkwxlv 1947 e/;s frpk flodkj dsyk- Keywords : yksd'kkgh] Hkkjr] xzkeiapk;r] xzkelhkk] Hkkjr] 'kklu 140 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

2 Research Paper yksd'kkgh vf/kd cgdv o lkdkj Ogkoh gs egkrek xka/kh ;kaps xzkelojkt;kaps LoIu lkdkj Ogkos ;klkbh 02 vkwdvkscj 1959 jksth iapk;r jkt O;oLFkspk izkjahk d:u yksd'kkgh fodsanzhdj.kkps rro vaeykr vk.k.;kl lq:okr >kys- iapk;rjkt O;oLFksyk xrh'khy o izhkko'khy dj.;klkbh 24,fizy 1993 jksth xzkeiapk;r o xzkelhksl?kvukred ntkz fnyk- 24,fizy 1993 P;k 73 O;k?kVuknq:LrhUo;s xzkelhksph [kjh vksg[k ukxfjdkauk iv.;kl lqjokr >kyh- dkj.k xzkelhkk xzkefodklkp;k xaxks=h Eg.kwu vflrrokr ;sr gksrh- ;k xzkelhksl?kvukred ntkz cgky d:u nksu n'kds iw.kz >kyh vkgsr- ;k vuq"kaxkus ;k 'kks/kfuca/kkpk vh;kl fo"k; xzkelhkspk laf{kir,sfrgkfld vk<kok?ks.ks] xzkelhkk o"kkzph ik'ozhkweh letkowu?ks.ks] xzkelhkk ;'kloh u gks.;kekxph dkj.ks o rh ;'kloh gks.;klkbh mik; lqpfo.ks ;k iqjrk e;kznhr vkgs- xzkelhkspk fodkl % xzkelhkspk fodkl ekuoh thoukp;k fodklkcjkscj fodflr gksr jkghyk- xzkelhkk gh xzkeiapk;r {ks=krhy loz ernkjkph vkelhkk vkgs o vkiy;k {ks=kpk psgjk&eksgjk cny.;kph {kerk vlysys,d l'kdr O;klihB vkgs- ;kap;k fodklkpk vk<kok [kkyhyizek.ks- 1½ xzkelhkk o izkphu dky[kam % Ikzkphu dky[kamkr txhkjkr jkts'kkgh O;oLFkk vflrrokr gksrh- Hkkjrkr _Xosnhd dky[kamkr jktkps in usfrdrsus lozlaiuu gksr- dkj.k jktkph tursonkjs fuom >ky;kuarj tursp;k fgrkph 'kifk rks?ksr vls- osfnd dky[kamkrhy osn] euqle`rh] jkek;.k] egkhkkjr] esxslfksuht ;kapk ^bafmdk^] dksfvy;kps vfkz'kkl= b- lkfgr;ke/;s 'kklu Lrjkoj lhkk o lferh ;k nksu lalfkkps o.kzu vk<grs- ¼dVkfj;k] 2011-½ xkokrhy laiw.kz tursp;k lkewfgd Lo:ikl lferh o frp;k lapkyu lalfksl lhkk vls lacks/k.;kr ;sr vls- ¼flag] 2014]½ FkksMD;kr] lhkk vlks vfkok lferh ijarq Hkkjrkr xkoikrghoj lkewfgd fu.kz;?ks.;kph ijaijk gksrh vls vk<gwu ;srs- 2½ xzkelhkk o Lokra«;iwoZ dky[kam % Hkkjrkr xzkefodklkph dkes Lo;aLQwrZ o tulghkkxkrwu dsyh tkr- R;keqGs xkos le`/n vkf.k Lo;aiw.kZ gksrs % ;k vk/kkjkojp baxyame/khy ikyzes avp;k gkål vkwq dkweul] e/;s 1832 e/;s cksyrkuka pkylz~ esvdkwq ;kauh Hkkjrkrhy [ksm~;kapk myys[k] fyv~y fjifcydl ¼NksVh x.kjkt;s½ vlk dsyk gksrk- ¼xksMcksys] 2014½ ;k dyiusuqlkj [ksms Lo;aiw.kZ vlwu] R;kapk dkjhkkj iapk;r tckcnkjhus ikgr vlr- 141 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

3 ykwmz fjiu ;kauh LFkkfud LojkT; lalfksl pkyuk ns.;klkbh 18 es 1882 jksth tk.khoiqozd Bjko ikjhr dsy;keqgs R;kauk LFkkfud LojkT; lalfksps tud Eg.kwu lacks/k.;kr ;srs- ¼rGoydj] 2011½ iq<s 1919 o 1935 P;k dk; kr LFkkfud LojkT; lalfkspk fopkj vk<gwu ;srks- ;k nje;ku Hkkjrkr Lokra«; pgoghus tkse /kjyk gksrk- yksdeku; fvgdkauh ^LojkT;kpk^ ea= fnyk o egkrek xka/khus vlgdkjkps ra= fnys- ;k nksughrwu xzkelojkt; vkdkjkl vkys- ¼fouksck] 2011½- iq<s 15 vkwxlv 1947 jksth Hkkjrkr Lokra«; fegkys- 3½ xzkelhkk o Lokra«;ksRRkj dky[kam % egkrek xka/kh ;kaps xzkelojkt; LoIu lkdkj dj.;kph vkxzgh Hkwfedk iafmr tokgjyky usg:ph gksrh- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauk gh ckc ilar uogrh vkf.k?kvuk lferhe/;s R;koj fvdk djrkuk EgVys] dh x.kjkt;s ns'kkp;k &gklkl dkj.khhkwr >kyh] dkj.k [ksms gs LFkkfud jktdkj.kkps] vkkukps] ladqfpr n`f"vdksukps vkf.k tkrh;oknkps dsanz >kys- ¼xksMcksys] 2014½ vkt R;kph izphrh ;srkuk fnlrs- 'ksovh Hkkjrh; jkt;?kvusp;k Hkkx pkj] jkt;/kksj.kkph ekxzn'kzd rrokp;k dye 40 e/;s xzkeiapk;r LFkkiusph rjrwn dj.;kr vkyh- ¼Hkkjrkps lafo/kku] 2001½ cyoarjk; esgrk lferhp;k f=lrjh; yksd'kkgh fodsanzhdj.kkp;k f'kqkj'kh uwlkj] e-xka/kh t;arhps vksfpr; lk/kwu ia- tokgjyky usg: ;kauh 02 vkwdvkscj 1959 jksth jktlfkku e/khy ukxksj ;kxkoh iapk;rjkt O;oLFkspk izkjahk d:u R;kl,sfrgkfld egro izkir d:u fnys- ¼lkaHkfj;k] 2010½ iapk;rjkt O;oLFksl vf/kd l{ke cufo.;kr cyoarjk; esgrk lferh ¼1957½] v'kksd esgrk lferh ¼1977½] th-ds-ogh- lferh ¼1998½],y-,e-la?koh lferh] Fkaxwu lferh] ukfkwjke fe/kkz lferh ¼1991½ b- lferhps ;ksxnku vewy; jkfgys vkgsiapk;r jkt O;oLFksph xsy;k pkj n'kdkiklwu gks.kkjh okvpky y{kkr?ksåu Jh jktho xka/kh ;kauh 15 es 1989 jksth vls EgVys gksrs] Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds fy, ges vf/kdre tura= vksj vf/kdkj lqfuf'pr djus gksxsa- lrrk es nykyks dk var gksuk] ges vke yksaxksa dks 'kfdr;k iznku djuh gksxh- ¼eSFFkw] 2011½ ;ko:u iapk;rjkt O;oLFksr Jh jktho xka/kh ;kapk jpukred cny?kmwu vk.k.;kpk ekul y{kkr ;srks- 22 o 23 fmlsacj 1992 jksth yksdlhkk o jkt;lhksr 73 O;k o 74?kVuknq:LRkh d:u Jh- jktho xka/khauh ojhy ekul iq.kz dsyk- ;k,sfrgkfld fu.kz;kl] lqir lkekftd dzkafrph lq:okr >kyh- vls lacks/k.;kr vkys- 4½ xzkelhkk o jkt;?kvusrhy rjrwnh % 73 O;k?kVuknqLrhUo;s ¼1992½ lafo/kkuke/;s Hkkx 9 tksm.;kr vkyk- ;k Hkkxkr 16 uos vuqpnsn ¼243&243.k½ i;zar vkf.k vdjkoh vuqlwph tksm.;kr vkyh- ;kr xzkeiapk;rhph LFkkiuk] fuom.kwd o dk;z Li"V dj.;kr vkys- xzkelhksfo"k;h 243¼[k½ e/;s] xzkelhkspk vfkz xzkeikrghojhy {ks=ke/;s varzhkwr 142 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

4 vlysy;k,[kk k xkok'kh laca/khr vlysy;k ernkj ;knhr T;kaph ukaos uksanfo.;kr vkyh vlrhy v'kk O;Drhpk fegwu cuysyk- fudk; fdaok lalfkk vlk vkgs- ¼Hkkjrkps lafo/kku] 2002½ rj 243¼d½ e/;s xzkelhkk xzkeikrghoj jkt;kps fo/kku eamg dk; k}kjs rjrwn djhy v'kk vf/kdkjkapk okij d: 'kdsy v'kh dk;z d: 'kdsy- ¼Hkkjrkps lafo/kku] 2002½ ojhy rjrwnhuwlkj xzkelhkk vkiyh Hkqfedk ikj ikmrsxzkelhkk o"kz % jk"vªkp;k lokzafx.k fodklklkbh o iapk;rhjkt; O;oLFksP;k lqo.kz egksrlo o"kkzfuferr 02 vkwdvkscj 2009 rs 02 vkwdvkscj 2010 e/;s laiw.kz ns'kkr xzkelkhkk o"kz lktjs dj.;kr vkys- ;kekxhy mís'k] [k&;k vfkkzus yksd'kkgh xzkelrkjki;zar iksgpfo.ks vkgs- ;k ek/;ekrwu xzke ikrghojhy dkjhkkjke/;s ikjn'kzdrk o tutkxzrh vk.k.ks vkgs- ;keqgs] xzkelhkk gh xzkeh.k yksd'kkgh O;oLFkkiukrhy lokszpp ;a=.kk Bjrs- ¼xzkefodkl fohkkx] 2014½ ;k f'kok; tkxfrdhdj.k Xykscy Oghyst ;wxkr iwugk HkkjrkP;k xzkeh.k fodklkoj y{k dsafnzr dj.ks gk vkgs- 1½ xzkelhksph iküozhkweh % eqacbz xzkeiapk;r vf/kfu;e 1958 P;k dye ¼7½ uwlkj xzkeiapk;rhauk xzkelhkk?ks.ks ca/kudkjd vkgs- ;k xzkelhksr xzkeiapk;r {ks=krhy loz L=h iq:"k ernkj ukxfjdkapk lekos'k vlsy- T;kauh o;kph 18 o"ksz iw.kz dsysyh vkgsr- xzkelhksp;k ;k jpuseqgs rh oklro vfkkzus yksdlalfkk cur pkyysyh vkgs- 2½ xzkelhkk vk;kstu % xzkelhkk vk;kstukph tckcnkjh ljiapkph vkgs- rj frp;k vaeyctko.kh dj.ks xzkelsodkoj ca/kudkjd vkgs- lk/kkj.kr% xzkelhksp;k ngk fnol vxksnj uksvhl ctko.ks rlsp xzkelhksp;k vkb fnol o,d fnol vxksnj nksu osgk izr;sd xkokr noamh ns.ks vko';d vkgs- xzkelhksp;k uksvhle/;s lhksps LFkG] osg o rkjh[k ;kapk Li"V myys[k vlkok ykxrks- 26 tkusokjh 2003 iklwu efgyk xzkelhkk vk;kstukl lq:okr dj.;kr vkyh- 3½ xzkelhkk la[;k % 'kklukus izr;sd xzkeh.k ukxfjd gk xzkelhksyk miflfkr jkgwu R;kyk xzkelhksps vf/kdkj vkf.k drzo;s voxr gksowu rks xzke iz'kklukr o xzkefodklkp;k dk;kzr lghkkxh Ogkok ;klkbh 'kklukus [kkyhy uewn dsysy;k dkyko/khe/;s fdeku lgk xzkelhkk?ks.ks- izr;sd xzkeiapk;rhyk ca/kudkjd dsys vkgs- ¼xzkefodkl fohkkx] 2014½ v-dza- fnukad fnu tkusokjh x.kra= fnu ekpz rs 08 ekpz Ukkxjh laj{k.k fnu rs efgyk fnu 143 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

5 03 24,fizy rs 01 es iapk;r jkt fnol rs egkjk"vª fnu tqyks rs 11 tqys d`"kh fnu rs yksdla[;k fnu vkwxlv rs 15 vkwxlv dzkarh fnu rs Lokra«; fnu vkwdvkscj egkrek xka/kh t;arh uksogsacj rs 26 uksogsacj xzkelfk fnu rs tkxfrd vu;k; fuokj.k fnu ;k O;frfjDr xzkeiapk;r vko';drsuqlkj vfkok jkt; 'kklukp;k funsz'kkuqlkj vf/kd xzkelhkk?ksow 'kdrs- 4½ xzkelhksph x.kiwrhz % lk/kkj.kr%,dw.k ernkjkp;k 15 VDds fdaok 100 ;kisdh th la[;k deh vlsy,o<s ernkj miflfkr jkfgys dh x.kiwrhz >kyh vls let.;kr ;srs- fuf'pr dsysy;k osgsuarj 30 fefuvs okv ikgwugh x.kiwrhz >kyh uly;kl lhkk rgdwc dsyh tkrs- ;kp lhksr iq<ph rkjh[k] osg] fbdk.k fuf'pr dsys tkrsxzkelhksph dk;sz % iapk;rjkt; O;oLFkk vf/kd l'kdr cufo.;klkbh xzkelhksl O;kid vf/kdkj ns.;kpk iz;ru dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- R;kr izkeq[;kus vfuok;z o dk;nsf'kj dk;sz ;kapk lekos'k gksrsk- ¼[kqVoM]1999½ 1½ vfuok;z dk;z % vkffkzd o"kkzrhy ifgy;k xzkelhksr [kkyhy vfuok;z fo"k;kpk lekos'k gksrks- Ekkxhy xzkelhkspk dk;zo`rrkar okpwu dk;e dj.ks- ekxhy forrkh; o"kkzrhy tek[kpkzps fohkkxokj ¼fo"k;½ okpu dj.ks o R;k okf"kzd tek[kpkzl eatwjh ns.ks- ekxhy ys[kkijh{k.k vgokykps okpu dj.ks vkf.k R;k vgokykrhy 'kadkauk rlsp iwohzp;k vgokykrhy 'kadkuk xro"khz fnysy;k mrrjkaps okpu dj.ks- eatwj vankti=dkps okpu dj.ks o R;kuqlkj pkyw o"kkzr?;ko;kp;k fodkl dkekaph ekfgrh ns.ks- pkyw forrh; o"kkzr dsysy;k dkekapk vk<kok?ks.ks o iw<hy o"kkzr djko;kp;k dkekapk fopkj dj.ks- iapk;r lferh] ftygk ifj"knsph LFkk;h lferh] ftygk ifj"knsps eq[; dk;zdkjh vf/kdkjh ;kauh lqpfoysys fo"k;?ks.ks- jkt; ljdkjus lqpfoysys fo"k;?ks.ks- 2½ dk;nsf'kj dk;z %xzkeiapk;rhdms dk;nsf'kji.ks lksifoysys iq<hy dkekps fo"k;?ks.ks- R;kr] nzkfjnzî js"ks[kkyhy dqvqackp;k o egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; jkstxkj geh ;kstusp;k ykhkkfkhzap;k ;knhyk eku;rk ns.ks- 144 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

6 ftygk xzkeh.k fodkl ;a=.ksdmhy loz ;kstukaph ekfgrh xzkelhksr ns.ks- egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; jkstxkj geh ;kstusrwu?;ko;kp;k dkekauk xzkelhksph eatwjh?ks.ks- nj 3 o"kkzauh xzkef'k{k.k lferhps lnl; fuom.ks-,dkfred xzkeh.k fodkl ;kstusdfjrk nkfjnzî js"ks[kkyhy ykhkkfkhzapkh fuom dj.ks- xzkefodklkp;k okf"kzd d`rh vkjk[kmk okpwu nk[kfo.ks- ftygk ifj"knsp;k vkf.k iapk;r lferhp;k lekt dy;k.k vkf.k efgyk ckydy;k.k fohkkxkdmhy ;kstukaph ekfgrh ns.ks- xzked`"kh folrkjd vkf.k d`"kh lgk ;d ;kauh r;kj dsysy;k xkokpk okf"kzd d`"kh vkjk[kmk okp.ks- ;kf'kok; xzkeiapk;rhp;k xjtsps brj fo"k;?ks.ks- FkksMD;kr] jrudqekj lkahkfj;k ;kauh EgVY;kizek.ks] ^xzkelhkk gh v'kh pkoh vkgs] ftp;keqgs xzkefodklkps nkj [kqys vkf.k can gksrkr-^ ojhy xzkelhksps dk;sz] Hkwfedk lkafxry;kl xzkefodklkr] xzkele`/nhr xzkelhksps ;ksxnku fdrh egroiw.kz vkgs gs y{kkr ;srsxzkelhkk v;'kloh gks.;kekxph dkj.ks % larks"k dqekj flag ;kap;kers] ^xzkelhkk gh yksd'kkgh 'kkluiz.kkyhps ân; vkgs-^ ¼flag 2014½ vls vlwu xzkelhkk eksbîk izek.kkr v;'kloh gksrkr- R;kekxhy dkj.ks [kkyhy izek.ks- 1½ xzkelhkk vk;kstukr vfu;ferrk o tulghkkxkpk vhkko % xzkelhkk vk;ksftr dj.;kckcr lrrk/kkjh i{kkdmwu tk.khoiwozd vfu;ferrk fdaok fnjaxkbz dsyh tkrs- letk xzkelhkk vk;kstukps Bjysp rj xkaodjh d`"kh dk;kzr exu vlrhy rsogk vk;ksftr dsyh tkrs- ;k udkjkred ekufldrs eqgs xkod&;ki;zar xzkelhksp;k vk;kstukpk o`rrkar iksgkspr ukgh fdaok iksgpfo.;klkbh [kkl iz;rugh dsys tkr ukghr- ifj.kker% xkod&;kaps xzkelhksp;k csbdhr miflfkrhps izek.k vr;yi rj d/kh dksje iw.kz gksr ukgh Eg.kwu csbd jí djkoh ykxrs- efgykapk lghkkx uly;kr tek vlrks- 2½ xzkelhksizrh jktdh; o lkekftd mnkflurk % xzkeiapk;rhe/khy Hkz"Vkpkj] HkkbZ] Hkrhtkokn o fuf"dz;rk b- dkj.kkeqgs ljiap o lnl; xzkelhkk cksyfo.;kl mnkflu vlrkr- rj ^lrrkk/kkjh i{k vkiy;k erkpk vknj dj.kkj ukgh-^ v'kh fojks/kh i{kkph ekufldrk cuyh vkgs- R;keqGs rs xzkelhkk vk;kstuklaca/kh vkdzed o vkxzgh jkgr ukgh- ifj.kker% lrrk/kkjh i{k eqtksj curksxkod&;kaph dkgh osxgh Hkwfedk ulrs- dkj.k xzkeh.k fodklkp;k dkeklanhkkzr dks.krhgh dyiuk] ekfgrh R;kauk ulrs- rlsp d`"kh dkekrhy o dks.krkgh lrrkk/kkjh i{k xzkefodklkcjkscj vkiyk gh fodkl djhy vlk foüokl xkod&;kauk jkfgyk ukgh Eg.kwu xkaodjh xzkelhksfo"k;h dekyhps mnkflu vkgsr- 145 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

7 3½ xzkelhkk dkedkti/nrh fo"k;h vufhkkrk % dks.kr;kgh lalfksps ;'kki;'k gs frph dk;sz vkf.k dk;zi/nrh fdrh ukxfjdkauk ekfgrh vkgs- ;koj voyacwu vlrs- xzkelhkk ;kl viokn ukgh- 24,fizy 1993 e/;s 73oh?kVuknq:Lrh d:u xzkelhksl?kvukred ntkz cgky dj.;kr vkyk- ;kl nksu n'kds iw.kz gksåu xsyh- rjh v kigh xzkelhkspk lnl; Eg.kwu xzkelhks izrh vkiys vf/kdkj o tckcnkjh dk; vkgs] xzkelhksps vf/kdkj o dk;sz dk; vkgsr] xzkelhksr dlk izlrko lknj djkok o R;kl d'kh eatwjh izkir djkoh ;kaph tk.kho ukxfjdkauk ukgh gs oklro vkgs- v'kk ifjflfkrhr xzkelhkk le{ki.ks d'kh dke djsy vlk iz'u miflfkr gksrks- 4½ xv xzkeiapk;r o xzkelhkk % iz'kkldh; o jktdh; xsjlks; VkG.;klkBh xv xzkeiapk;rhph LFkkiuk dsyh tkrs- lk/kkj.kr% 08 rs 10 xkokapk lekos'k xv xzkeiapk;rh e/;s vlrks- ;k xv xzkeiapk;rh djhrk xzkelhksps vk;kstu dsys tkrs] rsogk nwj varjkojhy xkaokrhy ukxfjdkauk ng.kog.kkph viqjs lk/kus] etwj o efgyk ;kauk vkiy;k miftfodslkbh dkekoj ¼jkstxkj½ xsy;kf'kok; xr;arj ulrs- v'kk ifjflfkrhr xzkelhksl miflfkr jkg.;kph bpnk vlwu lq/nk 'kd; gksr ukgh- 5½ xzkelhkspk fu;a=.kkpk vhkko % fouksck Hkkos ;kauh EgVys dh] ^ xzkeiapk;rhr cgwerkus fu.kz; gksrkr] rj xzkelhksr lozlaerhus fu.kz; gksrkr-^ ¼Hkkos] 2011½ ;kapk vfkz xzkelhkk xzkeiapk;rhis{kk lozo;kid o loz lekos'kd vkgs- dkj.k xzkelhksp;k fu.kz;kuarj] eku;rsuarj xzkeiapk;rhus dkekph] ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh dj.ks visf{kr vkgsxzkeiapk;r ek= ;kdms nqyz{k d:u LobPNsuwlkj dk;z djhr vlrsv'kk,dkaxh HkwfedseqGs xzkelhksl xzkeiapk;rhoj ;ksx; fu;a=.k Bso.ks 'kd; gksr ukgh- izlaxh xzkelhksps vflrkro v'kkosgh vlwu uly;k lkj[ks vlrs- 6½ jktdkj.k iapk;rjkt lalfksps % jktdkj.k vkf.k islk gîk,dkp uk.;kp;k nksu cktw >ky;k vkgsr] dkj.k ^lrrk d'kklkbh rj islklkbh] islk d'kklkbh rj lrrslkbh-^ gs jktdh; ewy; cuys vkgsxzkeiapk;rhps ljiap o lnl;] iapk;r lferh lhkkirh o lnl;] ftygk ifj"kn v/;{k o lnl; gs dks.kr;k rjh jktdh; i{kka'kh ckaf/ky vlrkr- vkiy;k i{kkph o vkiyh lrrk dk;e jkg.;klkbh usgeh iz;ru'khy vlrkr- R;keqGs fuom.kwdhr fot;h gks.;klkbh lke] nke] nam vkf.k Hksn ;kpk eksbîk izek.kkr okij djrkrifj.kker% xkoikrghojhy jktdkj.kkr O;Drh&O;Drh] dqvqack&dqvqackr] lewg lewgkr eksbîk izek.kkr xvckth fuekz.k >ky;kps fp= fnlwu ;srs- ;k xvckth'kh izr;{k izlfkkfir lrrk/kkjh oxkz'kh fuxmhr vlyhrjh ;kpk ifj.kke loz lkeku; ukxfjdkap;k O;Drhxr o lkozf=d thoukoj imr vlrks- R;keqGs xzkelhksiklwu pkj gkr nwj jkghy;kl fdaok vfyir Hkwfedk Lohdkj.;krp vkiys fgr letrkr- 146 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

8 7½ lkekftd o jktdh; vli`';rk % lkekftd vli`';rsps nkgd pvds MkW-ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauh vuqhkoy;keqgs frps fueqzyu dj.;klkbh Hkkjrh; jkt;?kvusr eqyhkwr gddkaph rjrwn dsyh fo'ks"krk% 17 O;k dyekr vli`';rk fuokj.kkaph rjrwn vkgs- ;keqgs c&;kp izek.kkr lkekftd vli`';rk deh gks.;kl enr >kyh- Hkkjrh; jktdkj.kkr 1995 e/;s Jh-vVyfcgkjh oktis;h ;kap;k usr`rok[kkyh Hkktik ljdkj lrrk :< >kys- fojks/kh i{kkauh Vhdk dsog O;Drh dsafnzr o i{kdsafnzr eksbîk izek.kkoj dj.;kl lq:okr dsyh- pkaxyh dkes nwyzf{kr d: ykxyh- rsogk Jh- vvyfcgkjh oktis;h ;kauh vls EgVys] ^jktdkj.;kauh jktdh; vli`';rk ckgxw u;s^ Eg.ktsp jktdh; vlohdkgzrk gh lq/nk jktdh; vli`';rk gks;- 73 O;k?kVuknq:LrheqGs vuqlqfpr tkrh&tekrh o efgykauk jktdh; usr`rokph la/kh izkir >kyh- ;k oxkzp;k v/;{krs[kkyh vk;ksftr dsysy;k xzkelhksp;k csbdhr miflfkr jkg.ks izlfkkfir yksdkauk viekuklin] ekuluekukl ck/kd okvrs- ;ko:u R;kaps usr`ro Lohdkj.;kl rs r;kj ulrkr- ts"v lkfgfr;d Jh-ckiwjko ckxwy ;kap;k 'kcnkr lkaxko;kps >ky;kl ^tkr ukgh rh tkr-^ ;kpk ifj.kke xzkelhksp;k csbdhr tulghkkx deh tk.korksxzkelhkk lcyhdj.kklaca/kh mik; % xzkelhksl?kvukred ntkz izkir gksåu nksu n'kds iw.kz gksåu xsyh- frpk fodkl izxyhkrsdms gksr vlrkauk dkgh mf.kok leksj vky;k vkgsr- R;koj mik; % 1½ xzkelkhksfo k;h tutkxzrh eksfge % ukxfjdkae/;s xzkelhkspk izpkj & izlkj Ogkok ;klkbh tutkx`rh eksghe 'kklu & iz'kklu Lrjkoj vk;ksftr djkoh- ;kr xkoikrghoj] egkfo ky;hu] fo ky;hu Lrjkoj dk;z'kkgk] ppkzl=s] ifj"knk] izn'kzu ukvd] ifkukvî] y?kqiv] nqjn'kzu vkf.k vkdk'kok.kh] fp=dyk] fuca/k] oknfookn Li/kkZ b- vk;kstu d:u xzke & lhkspk izlkj&izpkj djkok- 2½ xzkelhkk dk;zi/nrhps izf'k{k.k % uohu laln lnl;] jkt;fof/keamg lnl; o iapk;r jkt; lalfksps izfrfu/kh ;kauk lhkkxzgkp;k dkedktkfo"k;h ekfgrh d:u ns.;klkbh tk.khoiwozd izf'k{k.kkph lks; dsyh tkrs- rlsp xzkelhksp;k lnl;kauk tk.khoiwozd xzkelhksp;k dkedktkfo"k;h izf'kf{kr dj.;kr ;kos- 3½ xzkelhkk vk;kstu vfuok;z o ldrhps djkos % xzkelhksps vk;kstu dj.;kph tckcnkjh iz'kkldh; & jktdh; inkf/kdk&;kaph vlrs] rs dks.krsgh dkj.k nsowu xzkelhkk vk;kstukr VkGkVkG d: u;sr ;klkbh xzkelhkk vk;kstu vfuok;z o ldrhps djkos- rlsp lrr rhu xzkelhksp;k csbdhl vuqiflfkr jkghy;kl dk;eps lnlro jí dj.;kr ;kos- ;keqgs xzkelhksl uolathouh izkir gksbzy- 4½ xzkefodklkpk ^,Yxkj^ Ogkoh xzkelhkk % izk- Hkkysjko lat; ;kap;k ers] ^xzkelhkk QDr lyykxkj lalfkk jkgw u;s rj xzkefodklkpk,yxkj Ogkoh-^ dkj.k xzkefodkl dk;zdze o ;kstuk vkxkeh 147 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

9 vankti=dkl dkxnksi=h eku;rk ns.;kiqjrhp e;kznhr u jkgrk- rh vf/kd O;kid Ogkoh- T;kr xkaod&;kauk LFkkfud lel;k o iz'u miflfkr d:u R;kaph lksmo.kwd djrk vkyh ikfgts- 5½ xzkeiapk;rhps dk;z{ks= e;kznhr vlkos % xzkelhkk ;'kloh gks.;klkbh] ^xko rsfks xzkelhkk^ ;k RkRokapk voyac dsyk ikfgts- dkj.k xviapk;rheqgs T;k e;kznk imrkr R;k deh gksrhy- vkiy;k xkokrhy xzkelhks leksj vkiy;k xzkefodklklanhkkzr fuhkhzmi.ks ekam.;kl lq:okr gksbzy- 6½ vuqlwfpr tkrh tekrh o efgyk usr`rokl izksrlkgu % Hkkjrh; yksd'kkgh 2023 e/;s ghjd egksrlo lktjk dj.;kdms okvpky djhr vkgs- ijarq LFkkfud ikrghoj ^jktdh; vli`';rk^ ckgx.ks gs v'kkshkuh; vkgs- jk"vªkp;k fodklkr lektkrhy lozp?kvdkpk lghkkx vly;kf'kok; jk"vª egklrrkkd gks.kkj ukgh- ;kph tkf.ko lxgîkp?kvdkauh Bsoyh ikfgts- jk"vªkpk fodkl lokzaxh.k o loz O;kid gks.;klkbh?kvukred n`"vhus vuwlwfpr tkrh & tekrh o efgyk usr`rokpk flodkj d:u R;kl izksrlkgu ns.ks vko';d vkgs- 7½ xzkelhksps fujh{k.k] ewy;ekiu o fyf[kr o`rrkar % xzkelhksp;k dkekps vpqd fujh{k.k o ewy;ekiu dj.;klkbh dq'ky iz'kkldh; vf/kdk&;kaph use.kwd dj.;kr ;koh- T;keqGs xzkelhksp;k csbdhr xzkefodklklanhkkzr dks.kr;k dk;kz auk izkfkfedrk vkf.k eku;rk ns.;kr vkyh] ;kpk ykhk xzkelhksp;k iq<hy dk;kzpk vk<kok?ksrkauk fy[khr o`rrkar ekxzn'kzd Bjrks- 8½ xzkelhksdms O;kid n`"vhdksukrwu ikgkos % tkxfrdhdj.kkeqgs ^tx [ksms >kys vkgs^ ijarq [ksmîkdms ikg.;kpk n`"vhdksu cnyyk ukgh- xzkelhkk dsog ppkz dj.;kps fbdk.k O;klihB ulwu] xkokapk psgjk & eksgjk cny.;kps O;klihB vkgs- ;k n`"vhdksukrwu ikgkos- 9½ eku/kukph lks; % xzkelhksl miflfkr jkg.kk&;k lnl;kauk yksdlhkk] jkt;lhkk o jkt; fof/keamgkap;k lnl;kizek.ks eku/ku ns.;kr ;kos- FkksMD;kr] ojhy mik;kapk fopkj dsy;kl xzkelhkk lcy gks.;kl pkyuk fegsy- ^xko djhy rs jko dk; djsy^ v'kh yksdksdrh,sdko;kph- R;kaph izphrh xzkelhksp;k ek/;ekrwu ;s.;kl izkjahk >kyh vkgs- xzkelhkk gs,deso vls ek/;e vkgs- ts xzkelrjkoj izr;{k yksd'kkgh lqfuf'pr djr vkgs- dkj.k egkrek xka/kh jk"vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj geh ;kstuk vf/kfu;e & 2005 e/khy 16¼1½ o 16¼3½ rjrwnhuwlkj lkekftd vads{k.kkph tckcnkjh xzkelhksoj lksiowu vf/kd yksdkfhkeq[k dj.;kpk o l'kdr cuo.;kpk iz;ru 'kklu iz'kklu Lrjkoj gksr vkgs] gh ckc LokxrkgZ vkgs- LoxhZ; iariz/kku tokgjyky usg: ;kauh EgVys gksrs dh] ^;nh gekjh Lok/khurk dks turk dh vkokt dh izfr/ouh cukuk gs rks iapk;rh dks ftruh vf/kd 'kdrh feys] turk ds fy, mruk gh ykhknk;d gs- ^¼eksnh] 2014½ vkt gs oklrokr ;sr vkgs vls Eg.krk ;sbzy- dkj.k xzkelhkk gh LojkT;] xzkelojkt; 148 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.

10 vkf.k lq'kklu izlfkkfir dj.;kph ek/;e gkså ikgr vkgs- vls >kys rj le`/n xzke] le`/n Hkkjrkps LoIu lkdkj gks.;kl foyac ykx.kkj ukgh- T;kizek.ks vkarjjk"vªh; Lrjkoj ;quksph vkelhkk] jk"vªh; ikrghoj lalnsph yksdlhkk o jkt;ikrghoj jkt;fof/keamgkph fo/kkulhkk ;k izek.ks LFkkfud ikrghojhy iapk;rjkt O;oLFksph xzkelhkk l{ke cufoy;kl Hkkjrkl tkxfrd egklrrkd jk"vª cu.;kl osg ykx.kkj ukgh- vlk vk'kkokn O;Dr dj.;kr okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- lanhkzxzafk lwph dqekjh lksuh]¼tuojh] 2014½ iapk;rhjkt iz.kkyh es a tulghkkfxrk] ubz fnyyh] dq:{ks=] vad 03] izdk'ku fohkkx] ¼i`-09½ egkrek xka/kh] ¼2011½ ekö;k LoIukapk Hkkjr] ioukj] ija/kke izdk'ku] ¼i`-25½ dvkfj;k] lqjsanz-] ¼Qjojh] 2011½ xzkelhkk ls xzke laln dh vksj] ubz fnyyh] ;kstuk] vad 02] izdk'ku fohkkx] ¼i`-16½ xksmcksys ek/ko] ¼2014½ tokgjyky usg:ps usr`ro %,d flagkoyksdu] iq.ks] jktgal izdk'ku] ¼i`-172½ flag larks"k dqekj] ¼tuojh 2014½ xzkelhkk% tehuh yksdra= dk l'kdr vk/kkj] ubz fnyyh] dq:{ks=] vad 03] izdk'ku fohkkx] ¼i`-28] i`-29½ rgoydj xksfoan] ¼2011½] lrrkkarj & 1947 % [kam 1] eqacbz] eksts izdk'ku] ¼i`-35½ fouksck] ¼2011½ xzkelojkt;] ioukj] ija/kke izdk'ku] ¼i`-08] i`-29½ Hkkjr ljdkj] ¼2002½ Hkkjrkps lafo/kku] uoh fnyyh] fof/k] U;k; o daiuh dk;z ea=ky;] ¼i`-17] i`-95½ lkahkfj;k jrudqekj] ¼vDVwcj] 2010½ xzkelhkk o"kz] fnyyh] dq:{ks=] vad 12] izdk'ku fohkkx] ¼i`-53½ esffkw tktz] ¼Qjojh] 2011½]u;s n`f"vdks.k dh t:jr] ubz fnyyh] ;kstuk] vad 02] izdk'ku fohkkx]¼i`-13½ & o jk"vªh; & xksjo & xzkelhkk & iqjldkj vkf.k & xks> 12@09@2014] ¼i`-01] i`-19½ [kqvom ek:rjko vkf.k vo/kkuh e/kqdj] ¼1991½ uos iapk;rjkt;] eq acbz] ;'koarjko pogk.k izfr"bku] ¼i`- 15&17½ eksnh vfurk] ¼tuojh] 2014½ xzkeh.k fodkl vksj iapk;rs] ubz fnyyh] dq:{ks=] vad 03] izdk'ku fohkkx] ¼i`-10½ 149 BSK Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief EIJMR, All rights reserved.