cky lalkj lalfkk lewg dsfunzr ifjppkz gsrq ekxznf kzdk fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh eu%flfkfr] ut+fj;s] t:jrksa] liuksa rfkk mudh n`f"v ls lel;kvksa dks le>us gsrkq t;iqj] vtesj,oa Vksad ftys dh 50 xzke iapk;krksa esa,d v/;;u **rs;kjh** ifj;kstuk ¼cky lalkj lalfkk,oa ;wfulsq dk lk>k iz;kl½ pquksfr;ksa dks volj esa cnyus dh rs;kjh LokLrh] ch & 88] ljlorh ekxz] ctkt uxj] t;iqj] 302015 jktlfkku] Hkkjr] bzesy % bsansarindia@yahoo.co.in] Qksu % 0141&2710996] QSDl % 0141&2710996] osc lkbzv % www.balsansarindia.com
lewg dsfunzr ifjppkz gsrq ekxznf kzdk (I) 'kks/k mís ; & 1- izkfkfed y{; lewgksa ds O;ogkj] vfhko`fÿk,oa tkudkjh ds ek/;e ls fd kksjkolfkk ds izfr le> ]cnyko o vkxkeh O;LdkoLFkk ds izfr le> dks tkuuk rfkk vkxkeh thou ds izfr le> dk fo ys"k.k djuka 2- fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds rs;kjh lewg cukuk o Hkkoh thou ds izfr tkx:d,oa rs;kj djuk] fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds *rs;kjh lewgksa* dks izf kf{kr djuk rfkk bu lewgksa dks xzke iapk;rksa ds lkfk tksm+uka (II) yf{kr mÿkjnkrk & fd kksj&fd kksfj;k ¼ 10&14 o"kz] 15&19 o"kz ½ ifjokj ds lnl; ¼ekrk &firk½ xzke iapk;r ds lnl; v/;kid@leqnk; ds O;fDr (III) izlrkfor le; & (IV) LFkku & lewg ppkz gsrq izlrkfor le; nks ;k <+kbz?kavs A ;fn Vhe pkgs rks mÿkjnkrk dh lqfo/kkuqlkj @ bpnk ds vuq:i izlrkfor le; dks?kvkus@c<+kus dk fu.kz; ys ldrh gsa xzke es a dgha Hkh,dkURk LFkku tgk 12&15 yksxksa ds csbus dh {kerk okyk d{k@ gkwy ;k cjkenk gksa LFkku,slk gks tks futh ckrphr ds fy, mi;qdr gks tgk vklikl yksx fojke uk dj jgs gksa vfkok dke uk dj jgs gksa ;k rk d&>k d uk djsaa (V) izlrkfor rs;kfj;k & (VI) lewg ifjppkz ds nksjku & mÿkjnkrk lewg ¼fd kksj&fd kksfj;k ] ifjokj ds lnl; ¼ekrk &firk½] xzke iapk;r ds lnl;] v/;kid@leqnk; ds O;fDr½ dk p;u lko/kkuhiwozd vkilh O;ogkj] tkuigpku ¼iwoZ eqykdkr½,oa LosPNk ls ckr djus dh bpnk ij vk/kkfjr gksa LFkku] frffk] le; vkfn dh ;kstuk r; dj mÿkjnkrk dks crkuk rfkk ifjppkz ds mís ; o fo"k; dks le>kuka nks lnl;h Vhe ¼,d fujh{kd o,d lapkyd½ dk nya lhkh mÿkjnkrkvksa dks lghkkfxrk@hkkxhnkjh ds fy, vkeaf=r o izksrlkfgr djuka,sls mÿkjnkrkvksa ls lko/kkuh cjrsa tks eq[; eqís ls HkVd tkrs gksa] mugsa iqu% ppkz dks?kqekrs gq, vius eq[; eqnn~ks ij ykus dk iz;kl djuka 2
ifjppkz ds nksjku mÿkjnkrk tslk crk jgs gs mudksa crkus nsosa] mudh ppkz es lq/kkj u djsa ¼vxj Vhe dks yxrk gs rks ppkz iwjh gksusa ds ckn crk,a og Hkh ml flfkfr es a tc fd mrrkjnkrk vkidks lquuk pkgrs gks ½ mÿkjnkrk ds fopkjksa ij fdlh rjg dh cgl esa u my>s auk gh fdlh fo"k; ij okn&fookn djsa vxys fo"k; ij ckr djus ls iwoz lewgkuqlkj gj fo"k; dk lkj crk;saa ;kn jf[k, & ;g vko ;d ugha fd lhkh mÿkjnkrkvksa ds fopkj o /kkj.kk,,d ls gksaa (VII) ifjppkz i pkr~ izlrkfor dk;z & (VIII) ifjp; & gj ppkz ds i pkr~ ;FkklaHko eq[; fcanqvksa dks dkwyec) djuka izr;sd dsfunzr lewg ifjppkz dk frffk@lfkku@yf{kr lewg vkfn lfgr i`fkd fjdkwmz j[kuka rhu fnol ds vanj fo ys"k.k dj ifj.kkeksa dh fjiksvz rs;kj djuka 20 fefuv ueldkj! esjk uke ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gs vksj esa cky lalkj lalfkk es a dke djrk@djrh gw A gekjh lalfkk lekt esa xr 19 o"kkszaa ls lkekftd,oa leqnkf;d fodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa es a layxu gsa orzeku esa lalfkk }kjk vtesj ftys ds xzke gkfkh[ksm+k esa,pvkbzoh laøfer,ao,m~l izhkkfor yksxks a dh ns[kjs[k gsrq,d de;wfuvh ds;j lsuvj **lacy^^ pyk;k tk jgk gs rfkk Vksad ftys esa jktlfkku LVsV,M~l duvªksy lkslk;vh }kjk leffkzr **deiksftv yf{kr glr{ksi dk;zøe (Composite Target Intervention Project) dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gsa iwoz o"kkzs es a lalfkk us,u-lh-,y-ih] lekt dy;k.k cksmz] ;wfulsq,oa ih-,q-vkbz- vkfn lalfkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls f k{kk,oa LokLF; tkx:drk gsrq dk;zøeksa dk lapkyu fd;k gs aa rfkk fofhkuu oxksza ds chp LokLF; lecu/kh eqíksa ij dk;z djrh gsa fnukad 15 ebz 2012 ls ;wfulsq forriksf"kr *rs;kjh* uked dk;zøe izkjehk fd;k x;k gsa bl dk;zøe dk eq[; mn~ns ; fd kksjkolfkk ls O;Ld gksus dh vof/k es a fd kksj&fd kksfj;k vius vkxkeh thou dks lgh fn kk dh vksj vxzlj djus gsrq folrkkj ls le>kuk rfkk izf kf{kr djuk gsa lkfk gh ftyk LRkj]] ljdkjh fohkkx] iapk;rhjkt] xsj ljdkjh lalfkkvksa o leqnk; vk/kkfjr lxabuksa ds lkfk o ifjokj ds lnl;ks dh Hkkxhnkjh dks ysdj dk;z djsxsaa ge vius ykhkkfkhz lewg ¼fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa] ifjokj ds lnl;ksa o leqnk; ds vu; fgrxzkfg;ks ½ ds iztuku LokLF;] fd kksjolfkk ds izfr le> rfkk vkxkeh thou ds izfr mudh le> ds lanhkz esa tkx:drk] vfhko`fÿk,oa izpfyr O;ogkjksa dks le>uk pkgrs gsaa vki }kjk nh xbz tkudkjh vko ;drk,oa izpfyr O;ogkjksa dks le>us es a mi;ksxh gksxh vksj bl le> ds tfj, gesa vius ykhkkfkhz lewg ¼fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa½ ds 3
vpns LokLF; o fd kksjkolfkk ls O;Ld gksus dh vof/k es a fd kksj&fd kksfj;k vius vkxkeh thou dks lgh fn kk dh vksj vxzlj djus dh izkfir gsrq rs;kjh izkstsdv dks,d ubz jkg feysxh rfkk dk;zøe lgh fn kk dh vksj vxzlj gks ldsxka lozizfke esa vki lc dk gels ckr djus ds fy, le; fudkyus ds fy, /ku;okn nsrk@nsrh gw A vkt dh ifjppkz ds nksjku ge ¼fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa½ iztuu LokLF;] fd kksjolfkk ds izfr le> rfkk vkxkeh thou ds izfr mudh le> ds lanhkz esa tkx:drk] vfhko`fÿk,oa izpfyr O;ogkjksa dks le>uk pkgrs gsaa d`i;k ;kn j[ksa] dksbz mÿkj lgh ;k xyr ugha gs & ;s ek= vkids fopkj gsa tks crkrs gsa fd vki csgrj LokLF; lecu/kh dqn eqíksa ij vki dslk vuqhko djrs gsaa esa izr;sd ls lghkkfxrk gsrq vuqjks/k djrk@djrh gw A vkids fopkj] /kkj.kk, ] Hkkouk, gekjs fy, cgqr egÿoiw.kz gsa esa ;g fo okl fnykrk@fnykrh gw fd vki }kjk nh xbz lhkh tkudkjh,oa igpku iw.kzr% xksiuh; j[kh tk;sxha ;g l= yxhkx <sm+ ls nks?kavs dk gksxka vkils vuqjks/k gs fd d`i;k l= ds var rd lghkkfxrk djsaa ifjp; ds lkfk ge ifjppkz 'kq: djsaa lhkh izi=ks es mrrjnkrkvksa ls tkudkfj;k ysus ;k mudh le> dks tkuus dh izfd;k izkjehk djus ls iwoz lkeku; tkudkfj;ksa okys Hkkx dks Hkh Hkjuk gksxk ftlesa dkwye la[;k 1 es a ml xzke iapk;r dk uke fy[kuk gs Tkgk vki lewg ppkz dj jgs gsa A dkwye la[;k 2 es a ml ftys o jkt; dk uke fy[kuk gs ftles s es a vki lewg ppkz dj jgs gsa dkwye la[;k 3 es a ml LFkku ;k LFky ¼tSls rstk th dk pksd½ dk uke fy[kuk gs tgk vki lewg ppkz dj jgs gsa A dkwye la[;k 4 es a fnaukd fy[kuh gs ftl fnaukd dks vki lewg ppkz dj jgs gsa A dkwye la[;k 5 es a lewg ppkz es miflfkr lahkkxh;ksa dh dqy la[;k fy[kuh gs A dkwye la[;k 6 es a lewg ppkz fdrus le; rd pyh]mldh vof/k?kavksa es fy[kuh gsa 4
fd kksj&fd kkfj;ksa ds LkUnHkZ es Hkkx & v] lkeku; ppkz & 15 fefuv esa vkils tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd orzeku es gekjk leqnk; dksu&dksu lh lel;kvksa dk lkeuk dj jgk gs \ fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds lkeus orzeku esa fdl rjg dh lel;k,a ;k pquksfr;ksa us?kj dj j[kk gs ¼ppkZ gsrq iz;kzir le; ns rfkk LkHkh ds fopkjks dks fjdkwmz djs ½ vki FkksMk ;g crk,axs a fd D;k fd kksj&fd kksfj;k orzeku leqnk; es a lqjf{kr gs \ ugh] arks muds fodkl ds fy, D;k fd;k tk ldrk gs ;k vkids xk o es a,slk dksbz fodkl dk dk;z igys gqvk gksa \ d`i;k crk,aa ¼lkspus ds fy, le; ns o lcdks cksyus ds fy, izsfjr djs ½ Hkkx & c] f k{kk o vu; xfrfof/k;k & 15 fefuv cgqr vpnk! esa f k{kk ds Lrj ds ckjs esa vkils FkksM+k cgqr tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw A vki crkb;s fd orzeku lekt es a f k{kk fd D;k flfkfr gs@ym+ds o ym+dh es a fdruk HksnHkko fd;k tkrk gs \ vki yksxks ds fy, vkidh gh le> ij ckr djrs gs fd fd kksj &fd kksfj;k @vki viuk [kkyh le; dsls xqtkjrs gs\ lkfk gh lkfk esa ;g Hkh tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd D;k xk o es a vki @fd kksj &fd kksfj;k ds fodkl ds fy, dksbz Dyc gs ;k ugha rfkk ugh arks D;k gksuk pkfg, ;fn gk rksa vki mlesa fdruk le; nsxs \ ¼ izr;sd dfku@iz ku ij ppkz ds fy, iz;kzir le; ns rfkk vxj dksbz iz ku@dfku dks yf{kr lewg ugha le> jgk gs rks vksj ljy Hkk"kk esa ppkz djs ½ Hkkx &l] 'kknh] fj rksa ij ppkz & 20 fefuv cgqr vpnk! es a vkils vkids xk o es a 'kknh] fookg dh flfkfr ds ckjs es a tkuuk pkgrk gw vki crkb;s fd orzeku lekt esa 'kknh dks ysdj D;k flfkfr gs fdl mez esa 'kknh dh tkrh gs \ D;k] og mez lgh gksrh gs\ vpnk vc ge vkils FkksMk bl fo"k; es tkuuk pkgs axsa fd vxj vkids xk o es a ;fn dksbz fdlh ym+ds o ym+dh ds chp izse lca/ka gks tkrk gs ;k nkslrkh jgrh gs \ ¼;gk FkksM+k :ds o tkuus dk iz;kl djs fd,slk gksrk gs ;k ugha ;k igys gks pqdk gks ½ vksj vxj muds ckjs es muds ifjokj okyksa dks ;k leqnk; okyks dks irk py tkrk gs rc mudh D;k izfrfø;k gksrh gs ;k muds lkfk dslk crkzo fd;k tkrk gsa ¼ifjokj o leqnk; nksuks dh izfrfø;kvksa dks vyx&vyx fy[ksa½ Hkkx&n] LokLF; o ;ksfudrk ij ppkz 25 fefuv cgqr vpnk! esa vkils FkksMk ;g tkuuk pkgw xk@pkgw xha fd fd kksjkoklfkk esa LOkkLF; lecu/kh D;k&D;k lel;k,a gksrh gs rfkk mu lel;kvksa dks og lcls igys fdls crkuk ialn djrs gs \ mipkj ds ckjs es D;k jk;@le>@lksp jgrh gs fd mipkj ysuk pkfg, ;k ugha rfkk fdl rjg dk mipkj ysuk pkfg,a 5
lkfk gh ;g Hkh crk,a fd fd kksjkolfkk es a c<+rh mez es dksu&dksu lh fprkvksa dk eq[; :Ik ls lkeuk djuk im+rk gsa vpnk! esa vkils FkksMk ;g tkuuk pkgw xk@pkgw xha fd fdlh fd kksj&fd kksjh dks ;ksfud ;k iztukuk LOkkLF; ls lecfu/kr lel;k gksrh gs rfkk mu lel;kvksa dks og lcls igys fdls crkuk ialn djrs gs \ mipkj ds ckjs es D;k jk;@le>@lksp jgrh gs fd mipkj ysuk pkfg, ;k ugha rfkk fdl rjg dk mipkj ysuk pkfg,a lkfk gh FkksM+k ;g Hkh crk,a fd leqnk; es fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dks ;ksu O;ogkj o iztuku LokLF; ds ckjs es a dgk ls tkudkjh izkirk gksrh gsa ¼lewg ls tkudkjh ds L=ksr~ tkudj fjdkwmz djs½ D;k vkids xk o esa vkidh mez ds fd kksj& fd kksfj;k iztuuh; o ;ksu LOkkLF; ds ckjs es folrkkj ls crk;k tk;s rks og tkuuk pkgsxs a@pkgsxha A Hkkx&;] ;ksu laøe.k o,p-vkbz-oh&,m~l ij ppkz& 25fefuV cgqr vpnk! es a ;ksutfur laøe.k ds ckjs es a vkils FkksM+k cgqr tkuuk pkgrk gw A D;k vki crk ldrs gs ;g dsls gksrk gs rfkk bls fdu&fdu ukeksa ¼ LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ½ ls tkuk tkrk gs \ ¼;g djus dk iz;kl djs fd mÿkjnkrk tks dqn dgsa mls fjiksvz esa osls gh vafdr djsa ½ vkidh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj vki es ls dksbz Hkh ;g crk,a fd vkids fdlh Hkh feyus okys dks ;k igpku okys dks xr rhu ekg ds nksjku ;ksu tfur laøe.k dk lkeuk djuk im+k gks rc mlus D;k fd;k blds mipkj ds LkUnHkZ esa vksj D;k bl rjg ds laøe.k dk bykt ugha ysus ls fdlh rjg dk 'kjhj Ikj dksbz QdZ im+rk gs D;k \ ¼ ppkz folrkj ls djs ½ cgqr vpnk! vc esa,pvkbzoh ds ckjs es a tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw A D;k vkius,p-vk-bz-oh ds ckjs es a lquk gs ;fn] gk rks dgk lsa ¼L=ksr~ tkuus dk iz;kl djsxsa½ esa tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd,p-vkbz-oh D;k gs \ rfkk ;g dsls QSyrk gs \ ¼ppkZ folrkj ls djs½ D;k vki fdlh,sls O;fDr dks tkurs gsa tks,pvkbzoh@,m~l ls xzflr gks ;k gks \ mlds }kjk fdl izdkj dk mipkj fy;k x;k ;k fy;k tk jgk gs \ vkids fopkj es a,p-vkb-zoh o,m~l laøfer o izhkkforks dks fdl izdkj dh ns[khkky o lg;ksx dh vko ;drk gksrh gs \ D;ks a \ cgqr vpnk! vkidh jk; esa orzeku le; es fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds lkfk,p-vkbz-oh- ds lunhkz esa ppkz djuk fdl gn rd vko ;d gs \ dsfunzr lewg ppkz f k{kdks a@leqnk;@iapk;rh jkt lnl;ksa ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq ekxznf kzdk okrkoj.k fuekz.k 6
20fefuV esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids xk o es a fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lkeku; fnup;kz D;k jgrh gs \ og fdl rjg ds dk;ksz es a es :fp@hkkxhnkjh ysrs gsa\ ;fn gk ] rksa dsls \ ¼ vxj Hkkxhnkjh ysrs gs rks mu dk;ksz dks uksv djs ½ ;fn ugha] rks D;ks \ ¼dkj.kks a dks tkuus dk iz;kl djrs gq, fy[ksa½ 20fefuV blh ppkz dks vksj FkksMk vkxs c<+krs gq, es vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids xk o es fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds leqfpr fodkl,ao Hkfo"; fuekz.k ds fy;s vkidh n`f"vª es a dk;z gks jgk gs \ ;fn gk ] rks vki gesa mlds ckjs es folrkkj ls tkudkjh nsa vksj ;g crk,a fd dksu lh ;kstuk,a o dk;zøe pyk, tk jgs gsa \ ;fn dqn ugha gks jgk] rks D;k gksuk pkfg;s \ ¼bl ij folrkkj ls ppkz djs rfkk lahkkxh;ks a ds fopkjks dks fjdkwmz djs ½ 20fefuV cgqr vpnk! esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd D;k fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lel;kvksa rfkk muds fodkl ds fy;s xk oks a es muds lewg cukdj dke djuk ykhknk;d gksxk@ muds fgr es gksxk \ ;fn gk ] rks mudh D;k&D;k xfrfof/k;k gksa \ vki mu lewgks a ds fy, D;k enn djsxsa] fdl rjg ls lg;ksx nsxsaa ¼ iwjs lewg dh Hkkxhnkjh gks] ;g /;ku j[krs gq, lhkh ds }kjk crkbz x;h xfrfof/k;ksa dks fjdkwmz fd;k tk;s ½ 20fefuV esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd'kksj&fd kks sfj;ksa dh 'kknh dh lgh mez D;k gksuh pkfg;s] vhkh orzeku es a D;k gks jgk gs \ ;g lgha gs \ ;fn] ugh arks] bl fn kk es a lgh ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s D;k gks@fd;k tk ldrk gsa \ ¼yM+ds o ym+fd;ksa ds fy;s vyx&vyx iwns o mlh rjg izfrfø;ka Hkh vyx&vyx fy[ksa ½ ifjokj ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq okrkoj.k fuekz.k 20fefuV 15fefuV vhkh ge vkils vkids cppkks a ds lecu/k es dqn tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids fdrus cppks gsa\ ¼ppkZ dks /khjs&/khjs folrkkj iwozd djs½ os fdl&fdl mez ds gs vksj orzeku esa os D;k dj jgs a gs \ ¼yMds RkFkk ym+fd;ksa ds ckjs es a LkHkh ls tokc vyx&vyx tkus rfkk lhkh lahkkxh;ksa ds cppksa ds ckjs es vyx&vyx fjdkwmz djsa ;k rkfydk cuk;s½ 15fefuV 7
cgqr vpnk! vhkh ge vkils vkids cppkks a fd f k{kk LRkj ds ckjs es a tkuuk pkgsxsa fd vkius vius cppkks a dks dgk rd i<+k;k \ ¼;fn i<+k;k gks rks izr;sd ls vyx&vykx tkudkjh ys dj fjdkwmz djuk gksxk ½ ;fn ugha] rks D;ks ugha i<+k;k \ ¼dkj.k tkuus dk iz;kl dj ym+ds&ym+fd;ksa ds lunhkz es a vyx&vyx iwnrs gq, fy[kuk gksxk ½ ¼ppkZ dks /khjs&/khjs folrkkj iwozd djs½ 15fefuV th! vhkh es a ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids vuqlkj cppkksa fd 'kknh dh lgh mez D;k gksuh pkfg,] ¼lHkh lahkkfx;ks a ds vyx&vyx fopkjks dks fjdkwmz djs ½] vxj fdlh dk tokc cky fookg dh Js.kh es vkrk gs rks uhps okys iz u ij ppkz djxs a]ugh rks vkxs okys iz u ij ppkz djuh gksxh A vkius mudh 'kknh de mez es a D;ks a dj nh \ D;k vkidh utj es ;g Bhd gqvk gs \ ;fn gk ] rks D;ks a o ugha] rks D;ks a \ ¼yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds lunhkz esa vyx&vyx iwnrs gq, fy[kuk gksxk ½ 15fefuV vkidh le> ds vuqlkj vkius lgh crk;k] vhkh es a ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vki vius YkM+ds&yM+dh dks tsc [kpz nsrs gs \ ;fn gk rks fdruka ¼laHkkxh tks Hkh crk;s mls fjdkwmz djuk gksxka ;g loky YkM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds lunhkz esa vyx&vyx iwndj fy[ks ½ 20fefuV esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids xk o es a fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lkeku; fnup;kz D;k jgrh gs \ og fdl rjg fd dk;ksz esa es :fp@hkkxhnkjh ysrs gsa\ ;fn gk ] rksa dsls \ ¼ vxj Hkkxhnkjh ysrs gs rks mu dk;ksz dks uksv djs ½ ;fn ugha] rks D;ks \ ¼dkj.kksa dks tkuus dk iz;kl djrs gq, fy[ksa½ 20fefuV blh ppkz dks vksj FkksMk vkxs c<+krs gq, es vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd vkids xk o es fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds leqfpr fodkl,ao Hkfo"; fuekz.k ds fy;s vkidh n`f"vª es a dk;z gks jgk gs \ ;fn gk ] rks vki gesa mlds ckjs es folrkkj ls tkudkjh ns fd dksu lh ;kstuk,a o dk;zøe pyk, tk jgs gsa \ ;fn dqn ugha gks jgk rks D;k gksuk pkfg;s \ ¼bl ij folrkkj ls ppkz djs rfkk lahkkxh;ks a ds fopkjks dks fjdkwmz djs ½ 15fefuV cgqr vpnk! esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd D;k fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lel;kvksa rfkk muds fodkl ds fy;s xk oks a es muds lewg cukdj dke djuk ykhknk;d gksxk@ muds fgr es gksxk \ ;fn gk ] rks mudh D;k&D;k xfrfof/k;k gksa \ vksj vki mu lewgksa ds fy, D;k enn djsxsa] fdl rjg ls lg;ksx nsxsaa ¼ iwjs lewg dh Hkkxhnkjh gks] ;g /;ku j[krs gq, lhkh ds }kjk crkbz x;h xfrfof/k;ksa dks fjdkwmz fd;k tk;s ½ 15fefuV esa vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrk@pkgrh gw fd'kksj&fd kks sfj;ksa dh 'kknh dh lgh mez D;k gksuh pkfg;s] vhkh orzeku es a D;k gks jgk gs \ ;g lgha gs \ ;fn] ugh arks] bl fn kk es a lgh ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s D;k gks@fd;k tk ldrk gsa \ ¼yM+ds o ym+fd;ksa ds fy;s vyx&vyx iwns o mlh rjg izfrfø;ka Hkh vyx&vyx fy[ksa½ /ku;okn izn kzu 8
lkeku; tkudkfj;k FGD FORMAT (Focus group discussion Format) ¼dsfUnzr lewg ppkz izi=] fd kksj & fd kksfj;ks a ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq ½ Xkzke iapk;r dk uke % --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ftyk@jkt; dk fooj.k %----------------------------------- lewg ppkz LFkku@LFky uke % ----------------------------------------------------------------------fnaukd %--------------------------------------------------------------------- lahkkxh;ksa dh dqy la[;k %------------------------------------------------------dsfunzr lewg ppkz dh dqy vof/k %-------------------------------------------- miflfkfr lahkkfx;ksa dk fooj.k ¼ fd kksj & fd kksfj;ksa ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq½ Ø-l mrrjnkrk dk uke tkfr mez f'k{kk O;olk; osokfgd flfkfr Lkkek-]@,l- lh]@,l- Vh]@vks-ch-lh eksgyykk@okmz la[;k 9
dsfunzr lewg ppkz ds rgr fckunqokj fooj.k % ¼Hkkx & v] lkeku; ppkz ½ 1- vkidh n`f"vª esa lkeku;rksj ij leqnk; orzeku esa dksu lh lel;kvks a dk lkeuk dj jgk gs \ 2- vkidh n`f"vª esa lkeku;rksj ij fd kksj&fd kksfj;k orzeku esa dksu&dksu lh lel;kvksa dk lkeuk dj jgs gs \ 10
3- vkidh n`f"vª es D;k orzeku esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;k leqnk; eas lqjf{kr gas ;fn ugha rks D;ks a ¼ppkZ dks iwjk le; nsaosa o dkj.k tkuus dk iz;kl djsa ½ 4- ;fn vkidks lgk;rk feys rks vki Lo;a,oa viuh mez ds vu; lkffk;ks a ds leqfpr fodkl ds fy;s D;k&D;k djuk pkgsxsa \ 11
5- vkids vuqlkj fd kksj&fd kksfj;k fdl rjg ds lius ns[krs gsa \ rfkk dslk Hkfo"; cukuk pkgrs gsa \ 1- D;k vki lhkh Ldwy tkrsa gsa A ¼Hkkx & c] f k{kk o xfrfof/ka;ksa ds lunhkz esa ½ 2- D;k vkids xk o esa fd kksj o fd kksfj;k nksuksa leku la[;k@uecj esa Ldwy tkrs gsa ;fn ugha] rks ;g vurkj fdruk gs vksj D;ksa \ ¼ppkZ ds fy, le; nsa o tkuus dk iz;kl djsa fd fd kksj&fd kksfj;ks a ds Ldwy u tkus ds D;k dkj.k gsa \ ½ 12
3- tc vkids ikl ;k vkidh mez ds vu; fd kksj&fd kksfj;k ds ikl dksbz dk;z ugha gksrk gs rc vki le; dsls xqtkjrs gsa \ rfkk eksdk feys rks dsls xqtkjuk pkgksxsa \ 4- D;k vki esa ls dksbz fdlh LFkkuh; Dyc ;k lewg ds lnl; gs- rfkk vkids xk o esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa }kjk dksbz Dyc@lewg lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gs \- 5- ;fn vkidks eksdk feys rks D;k viuk lewg cukuk pkgsxsa \ ;fn gk rksa fdruk le; vksj lg;ksx bl lewg dks ns ik,sxsa \ 13
4- ¼Hkkx &l] 'kknh] fj rksa ds lunhkz esa ½ 1- vkids xk o esa lkeku;r;k% yksx fdl mez es 'kknh djrs gsa rfkk fd kksjkolfkk esa 'kknh djus dks ysdj D;k flfkfr gs \ 2- ;fn vkids lewnk; esa fd kksjkolfkk esa vxj dksbz izse lecu/k cukrs gs vksj og leqnk; ds lkeus vk tkrs gsa rc leqnk; dh rfkk mudsa ifjokjksa dh D;k izfrfø;k gksrh gsa 5- ¼Hkkx&n] LokLF; o ;ksfudrk ds lunhkz esa ½ 1- fd'kksj&fd kksfj;ks a esa LokLF; lecu/kh eq[; lel;k,a rfkk c<+rh mez leca/kh fprka, dksu&dksu lh gksrh gas \ 14
2- ;fn fdlh fd kksj@fd kksjh dkss LOkkLF; lecu/kh lel;k gksrh gs rks og lcls igys fdls crkuk ilun djrk@djrh gs rfkk mipkj ds lecu/k esa mldh D;k lksp jgrh gs \ 3- ;fn fdlh fd kksj@fd kksjh dks ;ksfud ;k iztukuk LOkkLF; ls lecfu/kr lel;k gksrh gs rks og lcls igys fdls crkuk ilun djrk@djrh gs rfkk mipkj ds lecu/k esa mldh D;k jk; jgrh gs \ 15
4- lkeku;r;k% fd kksj@fd kksjh ;ksu O;ogkj o iztuku LokLF; ds ckjs esa dgk ls lh[krs @ tkudkjh izkirk djrs gs ¼dqjsnrs gq, iwnuk % D;k iztuku LOkkLF; ds ckjs es vkius Ldwy ls lh[kk gk rks fdl rjg ls ;k ek/;e ls ;k Ldwy ds ckgj bl rjg dh tkudkjh izkirk gqbz ;fn gk ] rks og dgk ls \ ½ 5- D;k vkidh mez ds fd kksj& fd kksfj;k iztuuh; o ;ksu LOkkLF; ds ckjs es folrkkj ls tkuuk pkgsxsa@pkgsxha 16
6- ¼Hkkx&;] ;ksu laøe.k o,p-vkbz-oh&,m~l ds lunhkz esa ½ 1- ;ksu tfur laøe.k dks vkidh mez ds lkfkh@lf[k;ka fdu&fdu ukeksa ls tkurs gas \ ¼LFkkuh; Hkk"kk½ 2- D;k xr 3 ekg ds nksjku vki esa ls fdlh dks ;k vu; fdlh tkudkj dks ;ksutfur laøe.k dk lkeuk djuk im+k gs \ ;fn gk rksa blds mipkj ds fy, vkius D;k fd;k \ 3- vkidks D;k yxrk gs fd ;ksutfur laøe.k dk le; ij mipkj djokus ;k ugha djokus ls 'kjhj ij dksbz QZd im+rk gs \ 17
4- D;k vkius dhkh,p-vkbz-oh ds ckjs es lquk gs \ ¼;fn gk ]rks tkudkjh dk L=ksr~ tkuus dk iz;kl djsa ½ 5- vkidh le>@tkudkjh vuqlkj,p-vkbz-oh D;k gs \ rfkk,p-vkbz-oh laøferks ds ckjs esa D;k dgs axs \ 6- vkidh jk; esa orzeku le; es fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa ds lkfk,p-vkbz-oh- ds lunhkz esa ppkz djuk fdl gn rd vko ;d gs \ lkeku; tkudkfj;k FGD FORMAT (Focus group discussion Format) ¼ dsfunzr lewg ppkz izi=] f k{kdksa@leqnk;@iapk;rh jkt lnl;ks a ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq ½ 18
Xkzke iapk;r dk uke % --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ftyk@jkt; dk fooj.k %----------------------------------- lewg ppkz LFkku@LFky uke % ----------------------------------------------------------------------fnaukd %--------------------------------------------------------------------- lahkkxh;ksa dh dqy la[;k %--------------------lewg ppkz fdlds lkfk fd xbz ---------------------------------lewg ppkz dh vof/k %-------- miflfkfr lahkkfx;ksa dk fooj.k Ø-l mrrjnkrk dk uke tkfr mez f'k{kk O;olk; osokfgd flfkfr Lkkek-]@,l- lh]@,l- Vh]@vks-ch-lh eksgyykk@okmz la[;k dsfunzr lewg ppkz ds rgr fckunqokj fooj.k % 19
1- vkids xk o esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;ks a dh lkeku; fnup;kz D;k jgrh gs \ D;k oks xkao@leqnk; ds dkeksa@dk;kz es :fp@hkkxhnkjh ysrs gsa \ ;fn gk ]rksa dsls \ ;fn ugha] rks D;ks \ 2- vkidh n`f"vª esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;ks a ds leqfpr fodkl,ao Hkfo"; fuekz.k ds fy;s D;k gks jgk gs \ dksu lh ;kstuk,a o dk;zøe pyk, tk jgs gsa \ ;fn dqn ugha gks jgk rks D;k gksuk pkfg;s \ ¼ xkaoks ds LRkj ij ½ 3- D;k fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lel;kvksa rfkk xkaoksa ds fodkl ds fy;s mugsa lewg cukdj dke djuk ykhknk;d gksxk \ ;fn gk rks mudh D;k&D;k xfrfof/k;k gksa \ ;fn ugha] rks D;ksa \ 20
4- ;fn,sls lewg curs gsa rks vki dsls enn djsaxsa@d;k ;ksxnku ns ik,axs \ 5- fd'kksj&fd kkssfj;ksa dh 'kknh fdl mez esa gksuh pkfg;s] vhkh orzeku esa D;k gks jgk gs \ bl fn kk esa lgh ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s D;k gks@fd;k tk ldrk gsa \ ¼yM+ds o ym+fd;ks a ds fy;s vyx&vyx iwns o mlh rjg izfrfø;ka Hkh vyx&vyx fy[ksa ½ 21
FGD FORMAT (Focus group discussion Format) ¼ dsfunzr lewg ppkz izi=] ifjokj ds lkfk lewg ppkz gsrq ½ lkeku; tkudkfj;k Xkzke iapk;r dk uke % --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ftyk@jkt; dk fooj.k %----------------------------------- lewg ppkz LFkku@LFky uke % ----------------------------------------------------------------------fnaukd %--------------------------------------------------------------------- lahkkxh;ksa dh dqy la[;k %--------------------lewg ppkz fdlds lkfk fd xbz ---------------------------------lewg ppkz dh vof/k %-------- miflfkfr lahkkfx;ksa dk fooj.k Ø-l mrrjnkrk dk uke tkfr mez f'k{kk O;olk; osokfgd flfkfr Lkkek-]@,l- lh]@,l- Vh]@vks-ch-lh eksgyykk@okmz la[;k 22
dsfunzr lewg ppkz ds rgr fckunqokj fooj.k % 1- vkids fdrus cppks gsa fdl&fdl mez ds gs rfkk orzeku esa D;k dj jgsa gs \ ¼ ymds RkFkk ym+fd;ksa ds ckjs esa LkHkh mrrj vyx& vyx nsa ½ 2- vkius vius cppkksa dks i<+k;k] ;fn ugha] rks D;ks ugha i<+k;k \ ¼dkj.k tkuus dk iz;kl dj ym+ds&ym+fd;ks a ds lunhkz esa vyx&vyx iwnrs gq, fy[kuk gksxk½ 23
3- vkids vuqlkj cppkksa fd 'kknh dh lgh mez D;k gksuh pkfg,] vkius mudh 'kknh de mez esa D;ksa dj nh \ D;k vkidh utj es ;g Bhd gqvk gs \ ;fn gk ] rks D;ks a o ugha] rks D;ksa \ 4- D;k vki vius YkM+ds&yM+dh dks tsc [kpz nsrs gs \ ;fn gk rks fdruka ¼ ;g loky YkM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds lunhkz esa vyx&vyx iwndj fy[ks ½ 5- vkids xk o esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lkeku; fnup;kz D;k jgrh gs \ D;k oks xkao@leqnk; ds dkeksa@dk;kz es :fp@hkkxhnkjh ysrs gsa \ ;fn gk ] rksa dsls \ ;fn ugha] rks D;ks \ 24
6- vkidh n`f"vª esa fd kksj&fd kksfj;ks a ds leqfpr fodkl,ao Hkfo"; fuekz.k ds fy;s D;k gks jgk gs \ dksu lh ;kstuk,a o dk;zøe pyk, tk jgs gsa \ ;fn dqn ugha gks jgk rks D;k gksuk pkfg;s \ ¼ xkaoks ds LRkj ij ½ 7- D;k fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh lel;kvksa rfkk xkaoksa ds fodkl ds fy;s mugsa lewg cukdj dke djuk ykhknk;d gksxk \ ;fn gk rks mudh D;k&D;k xfrfof/k;k gksa \ ;fn ugha]rks D;ksa \ 25
8- ;fn,sls lewg curs gsa rks vki dsls enn djsaxsa@d;k ;ksxnku ns ik,axs \ 9- fd'kksj&fd kkssfj;ksa dh 'kknh fdl mez esa gksuh pkfg;s] vhkh orzeku esa D;k gks jgk gs \ bl fn kk esa lgh ifjorzu ykus ds fy;s D;k gks@fd;k tk ldrk gsa \ ¼yM+ds o ym+fd;ks a ds fy;s vyx&vyx iwns o mlh rjg izfrfø;ka Hkh vyx&vyx fy[ksa ½ 26