EU prosjektet BERAS Implementation

Transkript

1 EU prosjektet BERAS Implementation et helhetlig ökologisk alternativ for landbruk, mat og bygdeutvikling Kommunesamlingen 2013 Framtidstro og vekst landbruk i hele Buskerud! 13 og 14 februar 2013 Jostein Hertwig, Head BERAS Secretariate

2 EU program:baltic Sea Region Programme Prosjektnavn: BERAS Implementation # 53, Prosjektperiode: September 2010 september 2013 Prosjektpartnere: 24 Ass. Organisasjoner: 35 Totalt Budsjett: 4.4 millioner euro

3 Hovedelementer i prosjektet Forskning Undervisningsprogrammer Rådgivning Praktiske tiltak - Bygdeutvikling Sustainable Food Societies - Østersjøvennlig mat ( offentlig sektor og privat sektor) Internasjonalt nettverk

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5 Et hav i ubalanse

6 The problem Phytoplankton bloom 2/18/2013 AG

7 . Minskende oksygen og död havbunn Oxygen deficiency Source: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. 2/18/2013 AG

8 Gross load nitrogen BSR from human activities Year 2000: tonnes (Tot incl backgr ) N%/P% Aver. annual tonnes 10 % 8 % 13 % 0 % 2 % 59 % agriculture forestry deposition priv ww industries Agricult. 59/55 8 % munic ww fishfarms Privat waste Aver. annual tonnes Gross load phosphorus BSR from human activities Year 2000: tonnes (Tot incl backgr ) (HELCOM 2005) 10/14 4 % 24 % 14 % 0 % 55 % agriculture forestry deposition priv ww industries munic ww Municip al waste 13/24 2 % 1 % fishfarms 2/18/2013 AG

9 Ha N kg/ha N kg/ha N-surplus kg/ha Swedish Agriculture N-surplus kg/ha conventional Swedish Agriculture Tot. input Tot. input Imp. fodder Artifiz. fertilizer Output agric prod Imp. fodder + artific. fertilizer Artific. fertilizer Output200 agric. 100 prod. 0 Ecological agriculture Sweden

10 Average annual waterborne inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from rivers and coastal point sources in The visualization of the distribution of the inputs to the sea area is based on a simple linear extrapolation of the inputs (tonnes) (Helcom proc 122 PLC

11 Noen årsaker

12 Specialized crop farm 150 N 100 N 2/18/2013 AG 50 N

13 Specialized animal production 200 N Fodder Fertilizers 50 N 150 N 2/18/2013 AG

14 Nkg/ha Increased surplus and losses Input - Output Agricultural Sweden In Sweden, from 1950 to 1980 the average use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers increased from 20 kg to 80 kg per N kg/ha Tot. input Artifiz. fertilizer Output agric prod Surplus ha and year /18/2013 AG Year 2000

15 With regional concentration

16 Kretslöpsjordbruket historisk betraktning og en närmere beskrivelse

17 The changing agricultural landscape example from Roslagen central Sweden the hay making agriculture (slåtterjordbruket) The meadow - the mother of arable land - dominated until the beginning of the 18th century Brusewitz & Emmelin 2/18/2013 AG

18 Resirkulering av näringsstoffer, mangfold i naturen og oppbygging av humus i jorden 2/18/2013 AG

19 Ley with Leguminosis was the sunlight driven nature resource used to create a multiple doubled food production during 150 years before the introduction of artificial fertilizers and chemicals Energy from the sunlight Nitrogen and carbon from the atmosphere Minerals and water from the ground 2/18/2013 AG

20 Millions of people Lack of food in the end of 18th centuary Sw edish population The inhabitants in Sweden increased from 2 millions to 7 million between 1800 to 1950 before the introduction of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. How was the increased demand for food met? Ye ar /18/2013 AG

21 Kretslöpsjordbruk Mulige lösninger på avrenningproblematikken

22 Kretsløpsjordbruk (def): Selvforsørget med fór og gjødsel (90%) Balansert vekstskifte og med kløver (legiminoser) ( flerårig eng og ettårige vekster) Balansert dyrehold ( ca. 0,5 LU pr. ha under nordiske forhold) Part-financed by The European Union

23 A B Skilleby försöksgård Järna Lokalisering typgårdar I Östersjöprojektet BERAS

24 Looking after the sea border for years ago, Skilleby farm 2006.

25 2/18/2013 AG

26 BERAS prosjektet fra danner det vitenskapelige grunnlaget 20 partnere fra 8 land Pilot studier på 48 gårder Näringsbalanser Måling av utslipp Energiforbruk og utslippsmåling Forbrukerstudier 2/18/2013 AG BERAS Implementation

27 Ökologisk kretslöpsgård Införsel-, utförsel och överskott av kväve kg/ha/år 57 N 22 N Average 12 BERAS farms. Granstedt et al Biol. Agric. And Hotic. Vol 26 pp AG 36 N -2 P

28 To alternativer for landene rundt Östersjöen business as usual eller BERAS Nitrogen- och phosphurus surplus kg/ha and year 2/18/2013 AG

29 Humusinnholdet i jorden

30 Kretslöpsjordbruk Positive resultater for Humusuppbygging i marken Forsök i 25 år på Skilleby gård i Järna visar en humusuppbygging på 400 kg C /ha/år.

31 C-org kg/ha 0-20 cm Cange C % units in top soil Top soil Organic Carbon HV 1 HV I FYM L WW 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,18 0,16 0,16 0, Year kg C/ha kg C/ha Increase kg C/ha Obs C kg/ha L L 2001 S+ins Calc C kg/ha ,10 0,05 0,00 2,12 % - 2,31 % 0,05 0, FM CM

32 Humusinnhold og klima

33 FAO/OECD Expert Meeting on Greening the Economy with Agriculture Session one: Green Economy Perspectives Paris, 5 September 2011 Presented by: Ulrich HOFFMANN, UNCTAD secretariat

34 Contribution of Agriculture to Global GHG Emissions 34 Source: GRAIN/UNCTAD, 2011 Source: Bellarby et al. (2008)

35 Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration More than a Silver Lining 35 Land makes up ¼ of the Earth s surface, and its soil and plants hold three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Agricultural land: 1.6 bn ha cropland and 3.4 bn ha grassland/savannah (a significant part used for pasture). Land/soil degradation: annual loss of about 10 million ha of cropland. Estimates suggest that top soil in key agricultural producing countries has lost some 7-10% of its carbon content in the last 50 years. Key task: Continuously building up soil organic matter will result in: Huge carbon sequestration of soils Improving soil fertility Enhancing water-holding capacity Improving soil biodiversity preservation Thus enhancing resilience of production

36 Conclusions 36 Building up soil organic matter is an effective way of removing large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere, effectively checking the growth of global GHG emissions. Skills and technology are readily available, but flanking R&D and extension systems required for up-scaling. Soil carbon sequestration is one of the most inexpensive sequestration methods. No other sector in the global economy has potentially the same weight in climate-change mitigation and has all means readily available. Building up soil organic matter will have many catalytic (pro-poor) developmental effects. However, this will require a fundamental transformation away from external input dependent and agro-chemical intensive agriculture to biological intensification and integrated forms of sustainable agriculture, fully using the potential of smallholders.

37 Electronic Versions can be downloaded through UNCTAD s website main publications THANK YOU 37

38 Bygdeutvikling gården i sentrum og med deltakelse fra: näringskjeden kompetansekjeden beslutningstakere

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48 . 16 ökologiske matkluster er under etablering i landene rundt Östersjöen

49 Järna/Södertälje som inspirasjon for utviklingen av ökologiske mat kluster

50 Mobilt senter Fullt utstyrt minibuss med BERAS materiell. Bussen besöker landsbygden i alle land rundt Östersjöen og bidrar til dialog for utvikling av lokale kretslöpsinitiativ

51 Östersjövennlig mat Ref. Diet for a small planet (Diet for a small planet) Smakfull og näringsrik Ökologisk(helst fra kretslöpsgårder) Lokal mat etter sesong Mer vegetabilier, mindre kjött ( 80 20) Reduksjon av matavfall

52 Interaction between recycling agriculture and the society Necessary for effective recycling and reduction of harmful emissions to water (regional -) and atmospheric (global) consequences

53 kg CO2 per capita and year Food print basic food CO 2 eq per capita Low input Carbon sink Lacto veg 0 CONV ERA.SOM.LOC ERA.SOM.LOC.BG. VEG Land-use change 220 Agriculture Processing Transports

54 Humusuppbygging + spise ökologisk + lokalt + reduktion av kjött = 60% redusering av matens klimapåvirkning

55 BERAS-reports CUL Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences Available on Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society (BERAS) Executive Summary (not in printed version) BERAS executive summary, Granstedt. A Beras report nr 1 Local and organic food and farming around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 40. Sepännen, L (ed.). Juli Beras report nr 2 Effective recycling agriculture around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 41. Granstedt, A., Seuri, P. and Thomsson, O.. December Beras report nr 3 Economical studies within WP3 Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 43. Possibilities for and Economic Consequences of Switching to Local Ecological Recycling Agriculture, Sumelius, J. (Ed) Beras report nr 4 Obstacles and solutions in Use of Local and Organic Food Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 44. Kakriainen, S., von Essen H. (ed.). Augusti Beras report nr 5 Environmental impacts of ecological food systems - final report from BERAS Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 46. Granstedt, A., Thomsson, O. and Schneider, T. January Beras report nr 6 Approaches to Social Sustainability in Alternative Food Systems Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 47. Sumelius, J. & Vesala, K.M. (eds.). December Beras report nr 7 The Power of Local - Sustainable Food Systems around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk Eds: Kahiluoto, H., Berg, P.G., Granstedt, A., Fisher, H. & Thomsson, O June 2006

56 BERAS peer reviewed publications: Granstedt, A., Seuri, P and Thomsson, O Ecological Recycling Agriculture to Reduce Nutrient Pollution to the Baltic Sea. Journal Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, Granstedt, A. & Kjellenberg, L Organic and biodynamic cultivation a possible way of increasing humus capital, improving soil fertility and be a significant carbon sink in Nordic conditions. Second Scientific ISOFAR Conference in Modena June Granstedt, A., Tyburskij, J., Stalenga J Nutrient Balances in Organic Farms. Baltic Sea project BERAS (Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society), results from Poland. In: Scientific Agricultural conference Poznan August, Granstedt, A Increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient recycling within the agricultural system as a way of reducing nutrient pollution to the Baltic Sea. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 1570 (2000) Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam Helmfried, H., Haden, A. and Ljung M The Role of Action Research (AR) in Environmental Research: Learning from a Local Organic Food and Farming Research Project. Journal Systemic Practice and Action Research. Larsson, M. and Granstedt, A Sustainable governance of the agriculture and the Baltic Sea Agricultural reforms, food production and curbed eutrophication. Ecological Economics 69 (2010)

57 Takk for oppmerksomheten For mer informasjon se vår hjemmeside Vi ser frem til et videre samarbeid Jostein Hertwig BERAS sekretariatet