usukslaosndksa dh izks ksfxd izxfr] vuqlu/kku pquksfr;k,oa Hkfo"; fn'kk, %,d lozs{k.k

Transkript

1 Z a o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` usukslaosndksa dh izks ksfxd izxfr] vuqlu/kku pquksfr;k,oa Hkfo"; fn'kk, %,d lozs{k.k fouksn dqekj [kuuk dsunzh; bysdvªkwfudh vfhk;kaf=kdh vuqla/kku lalfkku] fiykuh& ¼jktLFkku½ lkjka'k % usukslaosnd os bysdvªkwfud laosnu ;qfdr;k gsa ftudh foek usuksehvj eku dh gksrh gsa os laosnu ;qfdr;k ftuesa laosnd vksj ijhf{kr olrq ds chp vu;ksu;fø;k vyi usuksehvj rd lhfer gksrh gs vfkok ftudh lqxzkfgrk usuks isekus ij gksrh gs] Hkh usukslaosnd dgykrh gasa ^usukslaosnd^ ekbøks ls usuksizks ksfxdh ds ifk ij mhkjrk gqvk,d jkspd vuqlu/kku {ks=k gs ftldh izxfr esa lw{e&bysdvªkwfud lafojpu rduhdksa rfkk Øeoh{k.k lqjaxu lw{en'khz ds c<+rs dneksa us fo'ks"k :i ls lgk;rk dh gsa izlrqr leh{kk i=k esa fofhké izdkj ds usukslaosndksa tsls folfkkiu] cy] Roj.k] vojdr fofdj.k vksj pqecdh;&{ks=k laosndka s rfkk usuksvuos"kh fviks a dk o.kzu fd;k x;k gsa bues a ls vf/kdrj laosnd bysdvªkwu lqjaxu /kkjk esa ifjorzu ij vk/kkfjr gsaa dsuvhyhoj lajpuk dk iz;ksx vusd laosndksa esa fd;k tkrk gsa uwru laosndksa ds lafojpu ds fy, uohu lajpukvksa vksj HkkSfrd ifj?kvukvksa ds lkfk uokpkjh vfhkdyiukvksa dk blrseky djuk gksxka D;k usuksizks ksfxdh bysdvªkwfud izks ksfxdh dh muufr ds ekxz ij dsoy,d ehy dk irfkj gs\ D;k oklrfod lhekur y{; fidks ¼¾10 &12 ehvj½ ;k QsEVks ¼¾10 &15 ehvj½ izks ksfxfd;k gsa\ D;ks afd ijek.oh; foek;s a lfuudvr% 0-1 usuksehvj gksrh gs a ¼tgk ij følvyh; Bksl inkfkks a dk ÅtkZ&cS am vkjs[k os/k ugha gs½ vksj ukfhkdh; foek;s 1 ls 5 QsEVksehVj ds chp gksrh gsa ¼tgk fo qrpqecdh; cyksa dh rqyuk esa dbz xquk 'kfdr'kkyh ukfhkdh; cyksa dk izhkqro gs½] usuksizks ksfxdh lehkor% vkf[kjh eafty gks ldrh gsa vr% usuksbysdvªkwfud ;qfdr;k vksj usukslaosnd vkd"kzd lahkkoukvksa dh mpp&vxzrk rfkk vk'kkiw.kz 'kk[kk,a gsa ftu ij Hkkoh ;U=kleqPp; fuhkzj gsa usuksizks ksfxdh ds fodkl ds fy, usukslaosndksa ij xgu 'kks/k dk;z dh vko';drk gsa Technological Progress, Research Challenges and Future Directions of Nanosensors : A Survey Vinod Kumar Khanna Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute Pilani (Rajasthan) Nanosensors are electronic sensing devices whose dimensions have nanometer magnitudes. Those sensing devices in which the interaction between the sensor and the examined object is confined to a few nanometers or whose sensitivity lies on the nanometer scale are also referred to as nanosensors. Nanosensors is an interesting research field on the path from micro- to nanotechnology whose progress has been specially aided by the advancing steps of microelectronic fabrication techniques and scanning tunneling microscopy. In the present review paper, various types of nanosensors such as displacement, force, acceleration, infrared radiation sensors and nano probing tips are described. Most of these sensors are based on the changes in electron tunneling current. The cantilever structure is used in many sensors. For fabrication of novel sensors, new structures and physical phenomena along with innovative designs will have to be utilized. Is nanotechnology only a milestone on the path of progress of electronic technology? Are the real frontier goals pico (=10-12 meter) and femto (=10-15 meter) technologies? Because atomic dimensions are approximately 0.1 nanometer (where the energy band diagram of crystalline solid materials is not valid) and nuclear dimensions lie between 1 to 5 femtometer (where nuclear forces severalfold stronger than electromagnetic forces are dominant) nanotechnology could probably be the final destination. Therefore nanoelectronic devices and nanosensors are hopeful branches of highly advanced and attractive possibilities on which the future of mechanism depends. In depth research on nanosensors is foremost for the development of nanotechnology.

2 a o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` pwgksa dh vka=k dh,ihfkhfy;y dksf'kdkvksas,oa thok.kqvksa ij yksjkbm dk izhkko jkt dqekj mizsrh*,oa, dkuu ck;kseseczsu vuqhkkx] vks ksfxd fo"k fokku vuqla/kku dsunz] ikslv ckdl 80 egkrek xka/kh ekxkz] y[kuå & lkjka'k % izkd`frd :Ik esa yksjkbm pv~vkuksa] dks;ys dh [knkuksa,oa fev~vh esa ik;k tkrk gsa blds vykok bldh ekstwnxh fofhkuu m ksxksa tsls fo qr&mriknu la;a=k] QfVZykbtj la;a=k rfkk dkap] bzav,oa IykfLVd m ksxksa vkfn esa Hkh ikbz xbz gsa bu lhkh LFkkuksa ls yksjkbm tyok;q,oa oulifr dks iznwf"kr djrk gsa vf/kd ek=kk okys yksjkbm nwf"kr ty,oa [kk &inkfkksza ls tkuoj,oa euq"; izhkkfor gks tkrs gsaa bl izdkj yksjkbm ckgqy; LFkkuksa ij yacs varjky rd ty,oa [kk inkfkksza ds lsou ls nar,oa vflfk jksx gksus dh izcy lahkkouk gsa eq[k esa izos'k ikus ij yksjkbm dh izkfkfed izfrfdz;k vka=k dh,ihfkhfy;y dksf'kdkvksa vksj vka=k esa ik;s tkus okys vgkfudj thok.kqvksa ¼eS=kh; csdvhfj;k½ ls gksuh fuf'pr gsa izlrqr 'kks/k&i=k esa pwgs dh vka=k dh,ihfkhfy;y dksf'kdkvksa,oa bz- dksykbz uked thok.kqvksa ¼cSDVhfj;k½ ij lksfm;e yksjkbm dh fofhkuu lkunzrkvksa ds izhkko ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gsa lksfm;e yksjkbm dh fhkuu&fhkuu lkunzrk okys?kksyksa dks csgks'k djs x, pwgksa dh vka=k ds ywiksa esa Hkjdj rhl feuv bu lhvw bud;wcsv fd;k x;k] fqj Y;wfeuy ywbm vksj,ihfkhfy;y dksf'kdkvksa ds,utkbe vksj vu;?kvdks a dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;ka blds vykok] lkeku; pwgks a dh vka=k ls bz- dksykbz i`fkd,oa 'kksf/kr djus ds mijkur mudh o`f} ij yksjkbm dk izhkko Hkh ns[kk x;ka ifj.kkekuqlkj Y;wfeuy ywbm esa yksjkbm dh c<+rh lkunzrk ds lkfk,ydsykbu QkLQsVst,fDVfoVh esa c<+ksùkjh,utkbe dh,ihfkhfy;e dksf'kdkvksa ls fueqzfdr gksus dks bafxr djrh gsa lkfk gh cz'k ckmzj esa ikbz xbz lfø;rk dk gzkl bl dfku dh iqf"v djrk gsa cz'k ckmzj dh Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ - ATPase lfø;rk es a Hkh lkunzrk vk/kkfjr gzkl ik;k x;ka mpp lkunzrk okys yksjkbm }kjk cz'k ckmzj ls dksyslvªkwy,oa QkLQksfyfiM dh fueqzfdr Hkh ikbz xbza yksjkbm dh vka=k ds bz- dksykbz thok.kqvks ij bu fovªks ijh{k.k ifj.kkeksa us thok.kq o`f} ds lelr isjkehvjksa dk gzkl n'kkz;k tks fd lkunzrk&fuhkzfjr FkkA bl izdkj ;g ik;k x;k fd yksjkbm dh mpp lkunzrk vka=k dh,ihfkhfy;e dksf'kdkvksa dh dksf'kdk dyk,oa vka=k ds vgkfudj thok.kqvksa dks Hkkjh {kfr igqapkrh gsa Influence of Fluoride on Rat Intestinal Bacteria and Epithelial Cells Raj K Upreti & A Kannan Biomembrane Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P. O. Box 80 M G Marg, Lucknow Fluorides occur naturally in the earths crust where they are found in rocks, coal, clay and soil. They are released into the air and water also from industries like coal-fired power plants, aluminium smelters, fertilizer plants, glass, brick and tile works and plastic factories. Chronic fluoride ingestion can lead to skeletal fluorosis, teeth molting, gastrointestinal pain, nausea and vomiting. Following oral administration, the prime site of interaction is the epithelium of intestine and the gut micro flora. In the present study, the in situ effect of sodium fluoride was carried out on rat intestinal epithelial cell lining, and the in vitro effect on a facultative gut bacteria E.coli. Intestinal loops were filled with sodium fluoride solutions (0,24,48 and 96 mm) and incubated in situ for 30 min. Results revealed a concentration-dependent increase of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol in the luminal fluid indicating the release of enzyme and sterol from the epithelial cell membrane. Concomitant decline these in the brush border preparations were also evident. Ca 2+ - Mg 2+ - ATPase activities of brush border also found to be declined. In vitro effect of fluoride on E.coli also revealed a concentration-dependent decline in growth parameters. These results indicate substantial damage to the epithelial cell membrane and gut E.coli with higher fluoride concentrations.

3 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` Hkou fuekz.k esa ok;qlapkfyr o"kkz v/;;u dk mi;ksx iznhi dqekj HkkxZo oskkfud dsunzh; Hkou vuqla/kku lalfkku] #M+dh lkjk'k % izlrqr ys[k esa ok;q lapkfyr o"kkz ls lecfu/kr fd;s x;s v/;;u rfkk Hkou fuekz.k esa muds mi;ksx dk laf{kir fooj.k izlrqr fd;k x;k gsa ok;q izokg }kjk Å/okZ/kj fn'kk ls fopfyr gq;h o"kkz ok;q lapkfyr o"kkz dgykrh gsa bl izdkj dh o"kkz Hkouksa dh nhokjksa dks HkkSfrd,oa jklk;fud {kfr igq pkrh gsa vr% nhokjksa dh o"kkz ls lqj{kk gsrq mu ij Vdjkus okyh o"kkz dh rhozrk rfkk Å/okZ/kj fn'kk ds lkis{k o"kkz dh fn'kk dk Kku vfr vko';d gsa ok fnr lwpuk izkir djus ds fy, ns'k ds 350 LFkkuksa ds vkslru okf"kzd o"kkz rfkk ok;q xfr ls lecfu/kr vk dm+kas dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;ka bl v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij izr;sd LFkku ds okf"kzd ok;q lapkfyr o"kkz lwpdkad dh x.kuk dh x;h rfkk vukoj.k ds Lrj ds vk/kkj ij ifjjf{kr] lkeku;] mpp,oa rhoz Jsf.k;ksa esa ck Vk x;ka rnuqlkj Hkkjro"kZ ds fy;s,d ok;q lapkfyr o"kkz lwpdkad ekufp=k rs;kj fd;k x;ka ftu LFkkuksa ij ok;q lapkfyr o"kkz dh rhozrk cgqr vf/kd gs ogk ij Å/okZ/kj fn'kk ls o"kkz dk >qdko dks.k yxhkx 50 ls 60º rd ik;k x;ka Driving Rain and its Use in Design of Building P K Bhargava Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee The studies carried out on driving rain and its use in design of buildings has been reported in this paper. Rain carried along at an angle to the vertical by the wind and driven on to walls is known as driving rain. This causes physical and chemical deterioration of walls. Thus, knowledge of intensity of rain fall and its angle of deflection from vertical is necessary to protect the building against the rain. Annual average driving rain index (AADRI) for 350 stations spread all over India has been worked out. Based on AADRI values, the level of exposure of buildings to wind driven rain at these stations has been classified as (1) shielded, (2) moderate, (3) high, and (4) severe. A map of India depicting driving rain exposure classification has also been produced. The value of slant angle of wind driven rain from vertical vary broadly from 50 to 60º for the stations covered in the study.

4 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` tso&mozjdksa dk e:lfkyh; Hkkxksa esa csj rfkk vukj dh [ksrh ij izhkko th ds vklsjh], oh jko*,oa ih vkj es?koky dsunzh; :{k {ks=k vuqla/kku lalfkku] tks/kiqj & ¼jkt-½ lkjka'k% csj (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. var. rotundifolia L.) rfkk vukj (Punica granatum L.) dh tsfod [ksrh ds fy, e:lfkyh; Hkkxksa dk losz{k.k dj budh tm+ksa rfkk blds ikl dh feêh ds uewus,df=kr dj buls ukbvªkstu dk flfkjhdj.k djus okys thok.kq ¼,tksLikbfjye,oa,tksVkscsDVj½ rfkk ekbdksjkbtk ¼Xyksel ekslkbz,oa Xyksel QslhdqysVe½ dks fudky dj iz;ksx'kkyk es a laof/kzr fd;k x;ka bl dypj ls mipkfjr feêh dks IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ksa esa Hkj dj csj ds chtksa rfkk vukj dh dyeksa dks yxk;k x;k rfkk izhkko Lo:i vadqj.k izfr'kr] iks/k ÅapkbZ] tm+ksa dh yeckbz] 'kk[kk,a] i.kz {ks=kqy] 'kq"d Hkkj] ukbvªkstu,oa QkLQksjl dk vo'kks"k.k ns[kk x;ka lk<+s rhu efguksa ckn bu iks/kksa dks [ksr esa izr;kjksfir fd;k x;k rfkk rhljs o"kz budk Qy mriknu ntz fd;k x;k tks fd ;g crkrk gs fd ukbvªkstu flfkjhdkjd &,tksvkscsdvj rfkk ekbdksjkbtk & Xyksel ekslkbz,d lkfk nsus ij lokzf/kd ykhk feyrk gs tks fd vdsys,tkslikbfjye ls FkksM+k gh vf/kd gksrk gsa Effcet of Biofertilizer on the Cultivation of Ber and Pomegranate in Desert Areas G K Aaseri, A V Rao* P R Meghwal Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur (Raj) Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobactor and Azospirillum) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Glomus fasciculatum and G. mosseae) have been isolated from the rhizosphere soil and roots of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. var rotundifolia) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), and maintained as pure cultures. Upon inoculation in the nursery soil, per cent seed germination, plant height, root length and plant dry weight were improved significantly as compared to that of uninoculated ones. Three years after transplantation of 3½ month old seedling in the field, fruit production was started. The fruit production was significantly enhanced upon inoculation with these biofertilizers with maximum production upon dual inoculation with Azotobacter/Azospirillum and G. mosseae.

5 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` ikwyhgkml esa,ylvªksesfj;k dfrzr iq"iksriknu rfkk ijeijkxr Qly pø ¼/kku+xsgwWa½ dh [ksrh dk rqyukred vkffkzd fo'ys"k.k,e ds flag,oa j?kqohj flag <<oky* iq"i fokku fohkkx] fgeky; tsolaink izks ksfxdh lalfkku] ikyeiqj & ¼fg- iz-½ lkjka'k % gekjs ns'k esa,ylvªksesfj;k ¼dqy,YLVªksesfj,lh½,d u;s dfrzr iq"i ds :i esa yksdfiz; gksrk tk jgk gsa bldk mrifùk LFky nf{k.k vesfjdk gsa esnkuh {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa igkm+h {ks=kksa esa d`"kdksa ds ikl tksr dk vkdkj NksVk gsa ;gkwa ds d`"kd ijeijkxr Qly pø ¼/kku + xsgwa w½ ds LFkku ij dqn {ks=kqy esa ;fn Qwyksa dh [ksrh djsa rks muds fy, ;g vkffkzd :i ls cgqr egroiw.kz fl) gks ldrk gsa bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, dfrzr iq"ih; Qly,YLVªksesfj;k ds iq"iksriknu,oa /kku + xsgwwa dh [ksrh esa ykxr rfkk vk; dk rqyukred v/;;u fd;k x;ka ikwyhgkml esa,ylvªksesfj;k ds iq"iksriknu ds fy, ykxr vksj vk; dk v/;;u 300 m 2 {ks=kqy esa fd;k x;ka tcfd /kku + xsgwwa ds Qly pø dh [ksrh esa ykxr,oa vk; dk v/;;u 1 ha {ks=kqy esa fd;k x;ka rhu o"kz ds v/;;u ds mijkur ik;k x;k fd /kku + xsgwaw ds Qly pø ls vkslr 'kq) ykhk #i;s 0-439@m 2 izfr o"kz feyrk gsa ;g 'kqð vk; {ks=kqy ds vk/kkj ij cgqr gh de gsa,ylvªksesfj;k dfrzr iq"iksriknu esa izfke o"kz esa vf/kd vpy ykxr gksus ds dkj.k bldh iq"i Mf.M;ksa dks fcøh djus ls 'kq) vk; izfke vksj f}rh; o"kz esa u gksdj r`rh; o"kz esa vkjehk gksdj vkxkeh o"kksz esa yxkrkj gksrh gs] ysfdu ;fn iq"i mriknd f}rh; o"kz esa mrikfnr u;s izdunksa dks cspus esa l{ke gs rks,ylvªksesfj;k dh [ksrh ls 'kqð vk; f}rh; o"kz ls gh #i;s @m 2 dh nj ls 'kq# gks tkrh gsa,ylvªksesfj;k dfrzr iq"i mriknu ls 'kqð vk; r`rh; o"kz esa #i;s @m 2 izkir gksrh gsa r`rh; o"kz esa izfke o"kz dh dqy vpy ykxr dh /kujkf'k iq"i mriknd dks izkir gks tkus ds ckn prqfkz o"kz esas iq"i Mf.M;ksa dks cspus lss mriknd dks r`rh; o"kz dh rqyuk esa rhu xq.kk vk; gks ldrh gs tks /kku+xsgwaw ds Qly pø ls gksus okyh 'kqð vk; ls cgqr gh vf/kd gsa Comparative Economic Analysis between Cultivation of Alstroemeria as a Cut Flower in Polyhouse and Traditional Crop Rotation Rice + Wheat M K Singh & Raghuvir Singh Dadwal* Floriculture Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur (H. P.) Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria hybrids) which belongs to family Alstroemeriaceae is becoming popular as a new cut flower in our country. It is native to South America. Hilly area farmers have smaller size cultivated land as compared to plain area farmers. Farmers of hilly area can earn more per unit area by cultivation of cut flowers as compared to cultivation of traditional crop rotation (rice+wheat). Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the comparative economic analysis between cultivation of Alstroemeria cut flower crop and traditional crop rotation. Cost and income by cultivation of Alstroemeria and traditional crop rotation were studied in 300 m 2 and 1 ha area, respectively. After three years, data were analysed and it was observed that the return of net income of Rs 0.439/ m 2 /year was obtained by cultivation of traditional crop rotation. For cultivation of Alstroemeria it was observed that since it requires high capital cost, therefore, net income return is negative by sale of its flowers in first and second year of crop. The maximum net return (Rs 549/ m 2 ) was observed in second year of crop when growers become capable for selling the newly produced rhizomes/plants. By cultivation of Alstroemeria, it was observed that net return of Rs /m 2 is obtained by sale of flowers in third year. If the grower gets money in third year of total capital investment in first year, after three years of crop increase the net income comes to three times than the third year. This income is much morehan

6 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` ty xzg.k {ks=k izca/ku i)fr ij vk/kkfjr ty lalk/kuksa dk lefuod fodkl v'kksd dqekj] gfj jkt flag,oa jek dkur 'kekz ty izks ksfxdh dsunz] Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku lalfkku ubz fnyyh & lkjka'k % nh?kz Lrj ij ufn;ksa vksj /kkjkvksa ds Åij cm+s cka/kksa ds fuekz.k ds ek/;e ls ty dks,df=kr djds ;k y?kq Lrj ij ty laj{k.k vksj ty laxzg.k rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djds ty lzksrksa dk fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gsa ijurq cm+h ty bdkb;ksa ds lapkyu ls mriuu foijhr izhkkoksa tsls {kkjh;rk] iznwf"kr okrkoj.k] tyexurk rfkk vu; lel;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, y?kq Lrj ij ty lalk/kuksa ds fodkl dk fodyi Hkkjr esa vfr vko';d gks x;k gsa ;g mixeu LFkkbZ vksj i;kzoj.k ds vuqdwy gsa bl ys[k esa ;g n'kkzus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gs fd,d fvdkå ty lalk/ku i)fr ds fodkl esa ty xzg.k {ks=k mixeu iz.kkyh fdl izdkj egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa izlrqr ys[k vkadm+ksa ds vk/kkj ij rfkk izfø;kred igyqvksa ls lacaf/kr fjdr LFkkuksa ds fy,,d dk;z ;kstuk }kjk tyxzg.k {ks=k Lrj ij ty leinkvksa ds fodkl ds fy, ifjdyiuk dks lwpukc) djus esa izr;kf'kr lgk;rk djrk gsa Sustainable Development of Water Resources on Watershed basis Ashok Kumar, Hari Raj Singh & R K Sharma Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi Development of water resources is possible either through employing water conservation and water harvesting techniques at micro level or through diverting water into canals from dams and barrages constructed across the streams and rivers at macro level. In view of the adverse impacts of mega projects on environment in terms of salinity, water logging and other problems, the watershed approach to the water resources development on a micro level needs to be adopted. This approach is sustainable and environment friendly. An attempt has, therefore been made in this paper to highlight the favourable impact of watershed management approach and its suitability to Indian conditions. The paper is expected to help in formulating a hypothesis for developing an effective water resource development plan to fill in the gaps in data base and procedural aspects for water resource development at watershed level.

7 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` uneq[kh fuokfl;ksa ds ds'kksa esa /kkrqvksa dh lkunzrk fofiu fcgkjh*] uhjt ekfkqj] cyjke flag ikaxrh,ihmhfe;ksykwth fohkkx] vks ksfxd fo"kfokku vuqla/kku dsunz] y[kuå lkjka'k % ekuo ds'k dk mi;ksx dqn fo"ksys rroksa ds Lrj dks ukius ds ;U=k ds :i esa dj ldrs gsaa,d vè;;u esa if'pe caxky ds uneq[kh {ks=k ds fuokfl;ksa dk ds'k fo'ys"k.k /kkrqvksa ds fy, fd;k x;k rfkk blds ifj.kkeksa dh rqyuk nf{k.k isflfqd }hi ds fuokfl;ksa ds ds'k fo'ys"k.k ls dh x;ha if'pe caxky uneq[kh {ks=k ds fuokfl;ksa ds ds'kksa esa vko';d rroksa dk Lrj de rfkk fo"ksys rroksa dk Lrj vf/kd ik;k x;ka ;g vks ksfxd xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k lhlk] dsmfe;e rfkk tlrk ds 'kjhj esa izos'k gksus ls gks ldrk gsa ;gh rro ds'kksa esa rkez dh deh ds dkjd Hkh gsaa mi;qzdr tuleqnk; ds izorzd LokLF; laj{k.k ds fy, vkof/kd vuqoh{k.k rfkk [kk inkfkksza ds lkfk 'kjhj esa izos'k djus okys okrkoj.kh; jlk;uksa dh tkudkjh dk izlrko gsa Concentration of Metals in Hairs of Estuarine Residents Vipin Bihari, Neeraj Mathur & B S Pangtey Epidemiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre P. Box 80, M. G. Road, Lucknow Human hair can be used as a monitoring tool for assessment of exposure load of certain toxicants. Hair were analysed for metals in a study among residents of estuarine areas of West Bengal (EAWB) and the results have been compared with those reported from South Pacific islanders. Residents of EAWB had low level of essential elements and high level of toxic elements in their hairs. This may be because of industrial activity in the area leading an increased intake of lead, cadmium and zinc. These elements are also contributing factors in reducing the copper in their hairs. Periodic monitoring and awareness regarding the entry of environmental chemical in to the body through food chain are suggested for promotive health care in such populations.

8 Z o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` leku lkef;z okyh Lor% la?kuu daøhv] ijaijkxr daøhv rfkk iei djus ;ksx; daøhv dk fuekz.k ewy; rfkk iz;ksx lacaf/kr ykhk&gkfu %,d rqyukred v/;;u jkds'k dqekj] ujsunz dqekj,oa jke dqekj dsunzh; lm+d vuqla/kku lalfkku] ubz fnyyh lkjka'k % ijaijkxr daøhv ds LFkku ij Lor% la?kuu daøhv ¼lSYQ deisfdvax daøhv½ blds dbz mpp rduhdh ykhkksa ds dkj.k o`gr Lrj ij iz;ksx djus ds fy;s vkt yxkhkx lhkh fodflr ns'kksa esa fuekz.k m ksxksa dh igyh ilan gks x;h gsa blds mijkar Hkh ;g daøhv rduhdh Hkkjr esa viuh oklrfod y; ugha idm+ ik jgh gsa vko';d IykfLVlkbtj rfkk ';kurk ifjorzd dkjd ¼foLdksflVh ekmhqkbax,tsuv½ dh vf/kd ek=kk ds dkj.k Lor% la?kuu daøhv es a iz;qdr inkfkks a dk ewy; c<+kus ls mi;ksxdùkkz blds fuekz.k es a FkksM+k lges gq, gs aa bl v/;;u es a,-,l-vh-,eµdykl,q Js.kh dh mm+u jk[k dks iz;ksx djds,d llrh Lor% la?kuu daøhv ds fuekz.k ij izdk'k Mkyus dk iz;ru fd;k x;k gsa lhesav] lef"v] jklk;fud vf/kfej.k vkfn inkfkksza ds ewy; ij vk/kkfjr Lor% la?kuu daøhv dk ewy; leku lkef;z vfkkzr~ 28 fnu esa 40 U;wVu@feeh- 2 okyh ijaijkxr daøhv dh rqyuk esa fudkyk x;k gsa iz;ksx'kkyk esa,d rqyukred v/;;u esa ;g ik;k x;k gs fd Lor% la?kuu daøhv dk ewy; vf/kfefjr ¼IykfLVlkbTM½ ijaijkxr <kapkxr daøhv dh rqyuk esa 16 % egaxk rfkk leku laihmu lkef;z okyh iei djus ;ksx; daøhv ls 5% llrk gsa bl v/;;u esa Lor% la?kuu daøhv ds mi;ksx ls gksus okys ykhk&gkfu dks n'kkz;k x;k gsa Manufacturing Cost of Self-compacting Concrete, Conventional Concrete and Pumpable Concrete of Equal Power and its Merits & Demerits : A Comparative Study Rakesh Kumar, Narendra Kumar & Ram Kumar Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Self- compacting concrete (SCC) has become a choice for a wide range of applications in the construction industry of developed countries due to several inherent technical advantages over the conventional concrete. But, SCC has not realized its potential in Indian construction industry. The higher material cost of self-compacting concrete due to requirement of high dosage of superplasticizer and viscosity modifying agent is always a concern among the users. In this study, an attempt has been made for the manufacturing of economical self-compacting concrete incorporating ASTM class F fly ash. The cost of this SCC mix based on the cost of materials viz. cement, aggregates, chemical admixtures, was estimated and compared with respect to a conventional plasticized concrete and a pumpable concrete of similar compressive strength, that is, about 40 MPa at 28 days. A comparative study of the manufacturing cost at laboratory for these concrete mixes concludes that SCC is approximately 16% costlier than the conventional plasticized structural grade concrete and 5% cheaper than a pumpable concrete of similar compressive strength. Further, in-terms of strength developed per unit i.e. MPa, SCC and conventional plasticized concrete are equally costly. Further, advantages and disadvantages of using SCC technology are also presented in this paper.

9 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` mm+u jk[k : lel;k,oa funku jkek'kh"k flag] vfhkthr etqenkj] rfjroj.k nkl] fgeka'kq Hkw"k.k es=kk,oa fiukdh ljdkj dsunzh; bza/ku vuqla/kku lalfkku] iks-,qvkjvkbz] /kuckn & >kj[k.m lkjka'k % vius ns'k esa djhc 72 izfr'kr fo qr mriknu dks;ys ls fd;k tkrk gsa rsy dh deh ds dkj.k vu; lzksrksa dh {kerk 10&15 izfr'kr rd lhfer jgus ds vklkj gsaa leizfr ns'k esa rki fo qr dsunzksa dh la[;k 82 gsa blls yxhkx 100 fefy;u Vu mm+u jk[k izfro"kz folftzr gksrh gsa bls dgka j[kk tk;\ D;k fd;k tk, bldk\ ;g,d xahkhj lel;k gsa bl ys[k esa bu lel;kvksa ls fuivus dh ppkz gsa Fly Ash : Problem and Disposal Ramashish Singh, Abhijit Majumdar, Taritavaran Das, Himanshu Bhushan Maitra & Pinaki Sarkar Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad , Jharkhand With a view to persue the Government of India policy to augment the coal based power plants in the country, generation of fly ash as waste material is nearly 110 MT per annum. The disposal of this waste material is a matter of great concern from the ecological and environmental points of view. On the contrary, there will be shortage of conventional construction materials very soon as the top soil cannot be available in abundance. In view of the above, Central Fuel Research Institute developed methods to gainfully utilise the waste material as construction material and building bricks. The paper delt with the various aspects of constuction material.

10 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` fo"kk.kq jfgr fyfy;e ds LoLFk iks/kksa dk mriknu jktkjke] viz.kk esgjk] fofiu gyyu,oa,, t+snh iq"i fokku fohkkx] fgeky; tsoleink izks ksfxdh lalfkku ikyeiqj ¼fg-iz-½ lkjka'k % O;kolkf;d iq"i mriknu ds {ks=k esa fyfy;e ¼dqeqnuh½ dk fo'o es a fo'ks"k LFkku gs] D;ks afd bu dfrzr iq"iks a dh lqunjrk] vkd"kz.k] vkdkj o jax bugsa vr;f/kd yksdfiz; cukrs gsaa fyyh dh cgqr lh iztkfr;kwa gsa ftuesa vksfj;avy],f'k;kfvd] Vkbxj],oa fyfy;e ykath yksje cgqr gh izpfyr gsaa vaurjkz"vªh; cktkj esa fyfy;e cgqr izpfyr,oa ewy;oku 'kyd dun okyk vyañr iks/kk gsa Hkkjro"kZ esa buds iq"ikas dh ek x o [ksrh dh lahkkouk fnu&izfrfnu c<+rh gh tk jgh gsa eq[;r% izfrdwy eksle esa fons'kksa esa tc ;s Qwy ugha mxrs] rc Hkkjr esa budk mriknu djds fu;kzr }kjk buls fons'kh eqnzk vftzr djus dh vr;f/kd lehkkouk gsa Commercial Production of Healthy Plants of Virus free Lilies Raja Ram, Arpana Mehra, Vipin Hallan & A A Zaidi Floriculture Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.) Lilies are among the top ten cut flowers of the world. It is very important flower and it is quite diverse in form and colour. The lilies are high in demand in floriculture industries both as cut flower and pot plant. Lilies are commonly grown in hills having mild climate and also in the plains during the winter season. In India planting material is being imported at very high cost but the material has been often found to be infected with viral diseases. The limiting factor in large-scale cultivation of lilies is its susceptibility to large number of diseases caused by viruses. Viruses are important considerations for successful commercial production of planting material. As lilies are propagated vegetatively, therefore all infected bulbs used for forcing, propagate the virus from one generation to the other. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electron microscopy (EM) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been used to efficiently index the viruses from lilium bulbs. In order to improve the quality of lilies, tissue culture techniques plays an important role for lilium industry recovering virus-free planting materials as well as their mass multiplication from virus infected plants.

11 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` ikslrk esa vqhe rfkk blds fofhkuu xq.kksa gsrq vkuqoaf'kdh; muu;u lq/khj 'kqdyk rfkk lur izlkn flag vkuqoaf'kdh,oa ikni iztuu fohkkx] jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku y[kuå& lkjka'k % ikslrs ¼iSisoj lkseuhqsje½ ds izfke rfkk f}rh; ihf<+;ksa esa vqhe rfkk ikslrnkuk,oa blds fofhkuu xq.kksa ds ;ksxnku dk vkuqoaf'kdh; v/;;u Mkb,yhy QS'ku esa ikap isr`dksa ds vkil esa ladj.k dj fd;k x;ka ekqhzu izfr'kr izhkkfork thu fø;k }kjk lapkfyr izekf.kr gqbz] tcfd nwljs lhkh xq.k T;knkrj izfke ih<+h esa ;ksxt thu fø;k }kjk rfkk f}rh; ih<+h esa nksuksa ;ksxt rfkk izhkkfork thu fø;k }kjk lapkfyr gksrs ik;s x;sa ladh.kz laosnh oa'kkxfrkro lkeku;r% izfke ih<+h esa f}rh; ih<+h ls lhkh xq.kksa gsrq vf/kd ik;k x;ka izlrqr i=k esa vqhe rfkk cht dh vf/kd mit izkir djus ds fy, iztuu rduhdh dk folrkj ls o.kzu fd;k x;ka Genetic Upgradation in Opium Poppy (P. somniferum L.) for Opium and its different Characters Sudhir Shukla & S P Singh Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow , U.P. In the present investigation, the genetics of opium and its different alkaloids has been worked out in F 1 and F 2 generations obtianed through 5 parents half diallel. It was noticed that morphine content was governed by additive gene action while other characters were generally governed by additive gene action in F 1 and by both additive and non-additive gene actions in F 2 generation. In general narrow sense heritability was high in F 1 than F 2 for all the characters. A detailed breeding plan has been discussed to enhance the opium and seed yield.

12 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` gfjrksn~fhkn fofo/krk ds v/;;u esa tsoizks ksfxdh dk ;ksxnku ohjsunz ukfk] vydk fuosnu,oa vk'kh"k dqekj vlfkkuk czk;ksykwth iz;ksx'kkyk] jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku] y[kuå & lkjka'k % ikni & txr esa mhk;thoh uke ls izpfyr gfjrksn~fhkn iks/ks iwjs fo'o esa ik, tkrs gsaa bl lewg ds iks/ks leqnz ry ls 3000 ls 10]000 QqV rd dh Å pkbz ij izpqjrk ls feyrs gsaa Ik;kZoj.kh; fofhkuurk ds dkj.k ;g vf/kd fofo/krk iznf'zkr djrs gsa] ftldk o`gr~ v/;;u leiw.kz fo'o esa fd;k tk jgk gsa gfjrksn~fhknksa dh vkdkjh; vksj vkarfjd lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij budk oxhzdj.k vksj tkrh; fodkl dk v/;;u Hkkjr ds lkfk & lkfk cgqr ls vu; ns'kksa esa Hkh fd;k tk jgk gsa ; fi budh vk.kfod lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij oxhzdj.k dqn ns'kksa esa gh gqvk gs] ysfdu Hkkjr esa ;g miyfc/k yxhkx ux.; gsa gfjrksn~fhkn iks/kksa dh vk.kfod lajpuk dk v/;;u dsoy tso rduhdh ijh{k.kksa }kjk gh lehko gs] D;ksafd tso rduhdh,d,slk vpwd ;a=k gs ftlds }kjk ge iks/kksa dh fofo/krk dk vklkuh ls v/;;u dj ldrs gsaa finys dqn o"kksza esa 'kks/kksa }kjk ;g lkfcr gqvk gs fd tso rduhdh }kjk gfjrksn~fhknksa ds oxhzdj.k,oa tkrh; fodkl dk v/;;u ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gsa gfjrksn~fhkn Mh-,u-,- fqaxj fizafvx ds }kjk vijkf/k;ksa dk irk yxk dj tsorduhdh us viuk flddk vijkf/kd fokku txr esa Hkh tek fy;k gsa bl leh{kk ys[k esa finys n'kd esa gq, vufxur tso rduhdh 'kks/kksa dh laf{kir foospuk dh xbz gs] tksfd gfjrksn~fhkn fofo/krk] nqyzhk,oa ladvxzlr iztkfr;ksa ds laj{k.k ds fy, ojnku gsa ;g rduhdh o`gr,oa dfbu oa'k@iztkfr o leqnk; tks fd ijlij led{kh; y{k.k iznf'kzr djrs gsa] ds Lrj dks lqfuf'pr djus esa lgk;d fl) gqbz gsa Role of Biotechnology in the Study of Bryophyte Diversity Virendra Nath, Alka Nivedan & Ashish Kumar Asthana Bryology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Bryophytes, which are known as Amphibians in plant kingdom grow throughout the world. These plants grow abundantly at the height of 3000 to 10,000 ft. above sea level. Due to variable environmental conditions, these plants show great diversity, which is under extensive study all over the world. The classification and evolution of these plants on the basis of morphology and anatomy has been studied in India and other countries but the classification and diversity assessment with the help of molecular structure have never been carried out except in some foreign countries. Study of plants on the basis of its molecular structure can only be possible with the help of biotechnological experiments, which are unfailure tools for understanding the diversity of plants. In last few years some researches proven that study through biotechnology of bryophytes can provide its molecular data of classification and evolution, and it is also helpful to determine the homicides by the experiments of DNA finger printing. A short discussion and discrimination is provided in this review article on the studies of significant biotechnological researches carried out on bryophytes with the useful results during last decade, which are boon for assessment of bryophyte diversity, rare/ threatened plants and to ascertain the status of the large and difficult genera/species and their population possessing overlapping characters.

13 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` dqgklk d{k esa 'kkshkkdkjh iks/kksa dh dyeksa ij vkwfdlu ds izhkko dk v/;;u oh,u xqirk,oa,l ds nùkk jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku] y[kuå & lkjka'k % 'kkshkkdkjh iks/kks a ¼usfj;e bf.mde] fudvsufkht vkcks Zj&fVªfLVl] VscuhZekW.Vsuk dksjksusfj;k] twfuisjl izkslvª svk] fgfcldl jkstklkbusfull,oa bdlksjk dkwdlhfu;ka½ dh lseh gkmzcqm dyeksa dks etcwr 'kk[kkvksa ls pquk x;ka izr;sd mipkj gsrq 20 dyeksa dks IBA ds 0]1000] 2000,oa 4000 ppm ds?kksy ¼50»,Ydksgy½ esa 10 lsdam rd Dohd fmi fof/k }kjk mipkfjr fd;k x;ka mipkj ds mijkar] bu dyeksa dks eksjax ¼LVjykbLM½ ls Hkjs xeyksa esa yxkdj dqgklk d{k esa tm+ fodkl gsrq j[kk x;ka dyeksa dks 42 fnuksa ckn ns[kk x;k fd vkbz ch, dh 2000 ppm ls mipkfjr dyeksa esa tm+ksa dk fodkl] tm+ksa dh yeckbz,oa vfrthfork ds vpns ifj.kke izkir gq;s ijurq tm+ dh eksvkbz esa vkwfdlu ¼IBA½ dk dksbz [kkl izhkko fn[kkbz ugha fn;ka iz;ksx ds ifj.kkeksa ls Kkr gqvk fd fgfcldl jkstk&lkbusfull iztkfr dks NksM+dj 'ks"k lhkh iztkfr;ksa dks O;kolkf;d Lrj ij dfvax }kjk iztfur djus ds fy, tm+ fodkl gsrq vkwfdlu ¼IBA½ ds 2000 ppm ls mipkfjr djuk pkfg,a Studies on the Effect of Auxin on Rooting of Cuttings of Ornamental Plants under Mist Chamber V N Gupta & S K Datta National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Semi-hardwood cuttings of Nerium indicum, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Tabernaemontana coronaria, Juniperus prostrata, Hibiscus rosasinensis and Ixora coccinea were prepapred from vigorously growing shoots. Twenty cutting were treated with IBA at 0,1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm dissolved in 50% alcohol for 10 seconds. These were planted in pots containing sterlized coarse sand and placed under mist chamber for rooting. Significant improvement in percentage of rooting was observed in all the species except Hibiscus rosa-sinensis with IBA 2000 ppm over untreated (control) cuttings. This concentration was also helped in increasing number of roots, root length and survival of rooted cuttings but the thickness of roots was not affected by the IBA concentrations. Therefore, these species can be multiplied commercially with the help of root promoting auxin (IBA) at 2000 ppm.

14 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` dsukokfy;k okbjkslk ds cht&o.kz ls lecfu/kr lw{e&vkdkfjdh fofo/krk,a dud lgk; jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku] jk.kk izrki ekxz] y[kuå& lkjka'k % dsukokfy;k okbjkslk ¼Canavalia virosa ½ ysx;qfeukslh ¼leguminosae½ dqy ds dsukokfy;k oa'k dh,d egroiw.kz tkfr gs] ftls cm+k lse uked LFkkuh; uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gsa Qyhnkj ;g iks/kk vusd jklk;fud,oa vks"k/kh; xq.kksa ls ;qdr gksrk gs vksj,d cgqo"khz; dk"bh; vkjksgh gsa y[kuå ds vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa ls,df=kr dh xbz dsukokfy;k okbjkslk dh Qfy;ksa ls dkys] Hkwjs],oa /kkjhnkj ¼dkyh /kkfj;ksa ds lkfk gyds Hkwjs jax½ cht izkir gq,] ftuesa dkys,oa /kkjhnkj cht,d gh iks/ks dh,d gh,oa vyx&vyx Qfy;ksa ls izkir gq,a vkslr fo'ys"k.kkuqlkj,d gh iks/ks dh izfr nl Qfy;ksa esa ls rhu Qfy;ksa ls dkys] ikap Qfy;ksa ls /kkjhnkj,oa nks Qfy;ksa ls nksuksa gh o.kz ds cht izkir gq,a o.kz ds vk/kkj ij cht pksy dk lw{e vkdkfjdh v/;;u djus ij rhuksa gh jax ds chtksa esa fofo/krk ik;h xbz tks fd rhuksa o.kz ds chtksa ds i`fkddj.k esa ekud :Ik esa lkfkzd Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa Micro-morphological Variability in the Seeds of Canavalia virosa in Respect to their Colour Kanak Sahai National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Canavalia virosa is an important species commonly known as Barasem. This leguminous plant is a perennial woody climber with many phytochemical and medicinal values. Black, brown and mottled seeds were obtained from the pods, collected from Lucknow and its adjoining areas. Amongst them, black and mottled seeds were from the same pod or different pods of the same plant. According to average analysis, each ten pods showed black from three pods, mottled from five and both coloured seeds from two pods. During the micro-morphological study, seed variability in relation to seed colour was observed which is a significant parameter for the separation of all the three coloured seeds of a species.

15 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` oskkfud iz;ksx'kkyk esa xq.koùkk % xqm yscksjsvjh izsfdvl ¼th,y ih½ dh Hkwfedk okbz ds xqirk,oa t;jkt fcgkjh vks ksfxd fo"k fokku vuqla/kku dsunz] ikslv ckwdl& 80 egkrek xka/kh ekxz] y[kuå & lkjka'k % th,y ih vfkkzr~ vkn'kz iz;ksx'kkyk izfø;k olrqr% xq.koùkk izca/ku dh,slh iz.kkyh gs ftlds vuqikyu ls xq.koùkk ifjiw.kz vkadm+ksa dh izkfir ls c<+kok feyrk gsa ijh{k.k dk;z dh xq.koùkk c<+kus ds lkfk&lkfk dk;zdùkkz ds LokLF;,oa i;kzoj.k dh lqj{kk dks c<+kok nsuk Hkh bldk mís'; gsa nwljksa ds }kjk fd, x, iz;ksx'kkyk dk;z,oa ifj.kke rfkk mlls mriuu vkadm+ksa dh fo'oluh;rk ls th,y ih vuqikyu dks c<+kok feyrk gsa,d gh izdkj ds dk;z dh fujfkzd iqujko`fùk gksus ls jksdh tk ldrh gs rfkk O;kikj ds ca/ku Hkh th,y ih vuqikyu ds ek/;e ls de gksrs gsaa Quality in Scientific Laboratories : Role of Good Laboratory Practice Y K Gupta & Jai Raj Behari Industrial Toxicology Research Centre P. Box - 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow Good laboratory Practice (GLP) is a policy of quality management, which can enhance the generation of data, rich in quality. Besides enhancing the quality of test results it also encourages the security towards environment and workers health. The confidence in other laboratories test results and in the data generated makes GLP implementation better. One can also stop repetitions of the same work and the boundaries of trade and commerce can be minimized following GLP implementation.

16 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` VsfjMksQkbVk dh tsoizks ksfxdh dh mikns;rk %,d voyksdu 'kkl=kh izlkn 'kqdyk o izse fcgkjh [kjs VsfjMks fokku iz;ksx'kkyk jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku] y[kuå & lkjka'k% izlrqr ys[k esa] VsfjMksQkbVk leqnk; dk vkffkzd egro] izkñfrd vkokl,oa ikjeifjd fof/k }kjk muds izo/kzu dh folr`r foospuk dh x;h gsa ikni Ård lao/kzu rduhd }kjk muur izdkj ds ltkovh,oa vkffkzd VsfjMksQkbVksa dh fofhkuu iztkfr;ksa dk mriknu,oa muds laj{k.k esa tsorduhdh dh mikns;rk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gsa The Application of Biotechnology in Pteridophytes : An Overview Shastri Prasad Shukla & Prem Behari Khare Pteridology Laboratory National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow Pteridophytes are world wide in distribution having 12,000 species distributed throughout the world in wide range of habitats and have enormous economic potentiality and been used in various ways like medicine, sources of food, fodder, fibre, flavouring agents, aromatic oil, perfume, dyes and folk remedies. Some species have also identified as insect repellants, indicator of metals and hyper accumulator of noxious metals and metalloids. The lack of flowers and the concept of the invisible seed are associated with myths and superstition. The sexual method of propagation involves raising of plants through spores which is depended on several factors such as viability, storage, sterilization of spores, media, density of spore sowing, temperature, ph range and gametophyte differentiation and sporophyte formation. This method requires several factors and skill and is also comparatively slow and propagation by this method in nurseries was faced with inherent dangers of moss and algal invasion and contamination with other species of ferns. Tissue culture has solved all these problems neatly. Endangered, rare, endemic and economically important ferns and fern allies which are difficult to grow can be micro propagated through tissue culture and these can also be restored to their natural habitat. In comparison to conventional method, the application of tissue culture has resulted in some major changes and by using this method propagation of pteridophytic plants can be done rapidly. In this aspect very little work has been done and work on Pteridophytes has been initiated in the last quarter of this century in comparison to gymnosperms and angiosperms.

17 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` fjafxax,oa vkwfdlu dk dqgklk d{k esa ysftjslvªksfe;k ysudslvªkb dh izjksg dfvax ds tm+ QqVko ij izhkko Okh,u xqirk] ch ds cukthz],oa,l ds nrr iq"i d`f"k vuqhkkx] jk"vªh; oulifr vuqla/kku lalfkku y[kuå& lkjka'k % izjksg fjafxx dk fofhkuu vurjky ¼,d] nks vksj rhu lirkg½ ij dyeksa dks yxkus ds iwoz],oa bumksy &3& C;wVk;fjd vey ds fofhkuuk lkunz.kksa ¼0]200]400]600]800,oa 1000 ppm½ dk ysftjlvªksfe;k ysudslvªkb dh lseh gkmz oqm dyeksa dk dqgklk d{k esa mipkj djus ds ckn izhkko ns[kus ds fy,,d iz;ksx yxk;k x;ka dyeksa esa fjafxax,oa yxkus ds e/; nks lirkg dk vurjky j[krs gq, 400 ppm IBA gkjeksu ds mipkj vksj vkarjkf;d dqgklk d{k ds okrkoj.k esa lokzf/kd tm+ fodkl ¼80%½,oa vfrftfork ¼90%½ ik;h x;ha Response of Ringing and Auxin to Rooting of Lagerstroemia lancasteri by Stem Cutting under Intermittent Water Mist V N Gupta, B K Banerjee & S K Datta Floriculture Section National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow An experiment was conducted to see the effect of ringing at different intervals (one, two and three weeks) before planting and varying concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ppm) of indole-3-butyric acid on stem (semi-hardwood) cuttings of Lagerstroemia lancasteri under intermittent mist. The combination of an interval of two weeks between ringing and planting, 400 ppm I BA and intermittent mist conditions gave maximum rooting (80%) and survival (90%).

18 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` cksf)d laink % lkeku; O;fDr ds fy,,d vko';drk ih ds vf'ouh dqekj o Mh ih Hkê jk"vªh; HkkSfrd iz;ksx'kkyk] ubz fnyyh& lkjka'k % lu~ 1995 esa fo'o O;kikj laxbu ds vflrro esa vkus ds ckn ls cksf)d laink i)fr esa fo'oo;kih ygj vkbz gsa O;fDr] laxbu vksj ;gka rd fd ns'kksa }kjk vftzr cksf)d laink ds vos/kkfud iz;ksx dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr ls fu;eksa ds iqu% izk:i cuk, x,a cksf)d laink i)fr dk lkezkt; dsoy fokku ds mpp rduhdh {ks=kksa rd gh lhfer ugha gs cfyd blesa O;kikj i)fr] dyk] lkfgr;] euksjatu vkfn ds {ks=kksa dk Hkh ifjxzg.k fd;k x;k gsa mnkgj.kkfkz la;qdr jkt; vesfjdk esa isvsuv }kjk O;kikj i)fr dks lajf{kr djus dh lahkkouk gsa ; fi orzeku le; esa ;g dsoy,d ns'k rd gh lhfer gs ysfdu ;g ifjn`'; 'kh?kz gh cny tk,xk tc vu; ns'k Hkh vius fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku djsaxsaa ; fi isvsav izorzu cksf)d laink i)fr esa lokszùke [kkst gs rfkkfi nsjh ls dkwihjkbv dk izorzu ¼ykxw gksuk½] HkkSxksfyd ladsrd us Hkh fo'oo;kih cksf)d laink O;olkf;;ksa dk /;ku vkdf"kzr fd;k gsa iwozorhz dk euksjatu m ksx ;Fkk JO;,oa py fp=k.k nksuksa ls?kfuk"b lecu/k gsaa mùkjorhz] inkfkz dh mrifùk vksj@vfkok lsokvksa ds rksj ij fdlh ns'k ls leiw.kz :i ls lac) gsa O;fDr ds thou dks vkdkj nsus esa cksf)d laink dh Hkwfedk dh xgjkbz ls lacaf/kr bl 'kks/k i=k esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gs fd lkeku; O;fDr dh vkffkzd o lkald`frd nksuksa izdkj ds thou dks lq/kkjus esa cksf)d laink dh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk gsa Intellectual Property : A Necessity for Common People P K Ashwini Kumar & D P Bhatt National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi Eversince the WTO came into being in 1995, there has been an upsurge in intellectual property practices, worldwide. Many laws have been redrafted to prevent unlawful use of intellectual property earned by individuals, organizations and even by countries. The domain of intellectual property practices is not restricted to high teach areas of science but has engulfed the fields of business methods, art, literature, entertainment etc. To cite an example : there is a possibility to protect a business method in the US, by a patent. Though currently it is restricted to one country only, the scenario may change soon when other countries also amend their laws. Patent enforcement though has been holding the top slot in intellectual property practices, yet of late enforcement of copyrights, geographical indicator have also attracted attention of IP professionals wordwide. The former having a strong bearing on the entertainment industry both in audio and cinematography. The latter has relevance to a country as a whole by way of origin of goods and or services. This paper deals in depth in the role of intellectual property in shaping the life of common man. The paper also deals in establishing that IP has a key role to play in improving the life of common man both materially and culturally.

19 o"kz 13 vad 2 fnlecj 2005 i` cksf)d laink % lkeku; O;fDr ds fy,,d vko';drk ih ds vf'ouh dqekj o Mh ih Hkê jk"vªh; HkkSfrd iz;ksx'kkyk] ubz fnyyh& lkjka'k % lu~ 1995 esa fo'o O;kikj laxbu ds vflrro esa vkus ds ckn ls cksf)d laink i)fr esa fo'oo;kih ygj vkbz gsa O;fDr] laxbu vksj ;gka rd fd ns'kksa }kjk vftzr cksf)d laink ds vos/kkfud iz;ksx dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr ls fu;eksa ds iqu% izk:i cuk, x,a cksf)d laink i)fr dk lkezkt; dsoy fokku ds mpp rduhdh {ks=kksa rd gh lhfer ugha gs cfyd blesa O;kikj i)fr] dyk] lkfgr;] euksjatu vkfn ds {ks=kksa dk Hkh ifjxzg.k fd;k x;k gsa mnkgj.kkfkz la;qdr jkt; vesfjdk esa isvsuv }kjk O;kikj i)fr dks lajf{kr djus dh lahkkouk gsa ; fi orzeku le; esa ;g dsoy,d ns'k rd gh lhfer gs ysfdu ;g ifjn`'; 'kh?kz gh cny tk,xk tc vu; ns'k Hkh vius fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku djsaxsaa ; fi isvsav izorzu cksf)d laink i)fr esa lokszùke [kkst gs rfkkfi nsjh ls dkwihjkbv dk izorzu ¼ykxw gksuk½] HkkSxksfyd ladsrd us Hkh fo'oo;kih cksf)d laink O;olkf;;ksa dk /;ku vkdf"kzr fd;k gsa iwozorhz dk euksjatu m ksx ;Fkk JO;,oa py fp=k.k nksuksa ls?kfuk"b lecu/k gsaa mùkjorhz] inkfkz dh mrifùk vksj@vfkok lsokvksa ds rksj ij fdlh ns'k ls leiw.kz :i ls lac) gsa O;fDr ds thou dks vkdkj nsus esa cksf)d laink dh Hkwfedk dh xgjkbz ls lacaf/kr bl 'kks/k i=k esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gs fd lkeku; O;fDr dh vkffkzd o lkald`frd nksuksa izdkj ds thou dks lq/kkjus esa cksf)d laink dh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk gsa Intellectual Property : A Necessity for Common People P K Ashwini Kumar & D P Bhatt National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi Eversince the WTO came into being in 1995, there has been an upsurge in intellectual property practices, worldwide. Many laws have been redrafted to prevent unlawful use of intellectual property earned by individuals, organizations and even by countries. The domain of intellectual property practices is not restricted to high teach areas of science but has engulfed the fields of business methods, art, literature, entertainment etc. To cite an example : there is a possibility to protect a business method in the US, by a patent. Though currently it is restricted to one country only, the scenario may change soon when other countries also amend their laws. Patent enforcement though has been holding the top slot in intellectual property practices, yet of late enforcement of copyrights, geographical indicator have also attracted attention of IP professionals wordwide. The former having a strong bearing on the entertainment industry both in audio and cinematography. The latter has relevance to a country as a whole by way of origin of goods and or services. This paper deals in depth in the role of intellectual property in shaping the life of common man. The paper also deals in establishing that IP has a key role to play in improving the life of common man both materially and culturally.