Crash and Carry workshop

Crash and Carry workshop Ingemar Jansson Haverstad ingemar@oraklet.no www.oraklet.no/foredrag Versjon 1.00 01.04.2008

Agenda Crash and Carry Bakgrunn Lisensiering VMware installasjon Linux installasjon VMware Server 1 Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 Oracle installasjon Oracle11g

Linux dialekter SUSE/Novell SUSE 8, 9 og 10 Red Hat SLES 8, 9 og 10 Red Hat Red Hat AS/ES/EL 2.1, 3, 4 og 5 Oracle Enterprise Linux United Linux 1.0 Asian Asianux 1 og 2 Red Flag DC China Miracle Linux Japan Fedora Core 4, 5, 6,7 Fedora 8 og 9 Debian Mandriva Knoppix og Ubuntu Linux From Scratch LFS 4

Linux distribusjon 2.6 kjernen er den mest aktuelle 2.6.18 for servere 2.6.22 2.6.25 for bærbare Linux er influert av UNIX Unix 4.3 BSD AT&T System V og Xenix Hver dialekt har laget egne system verktøy 5

Oracle Enterprise Linux Blåkopi av Red Hat Enterprise Linux http://www.oracle.com/technologies/linux/el5cert ds.pdf «Available as open source, Oracle Enterprise Linux is fully compatible both source and binary with Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (RHEL AS). kdebase kernel kexec tool libvirt wireshark trademark / logo changes GPG key related changes trademark / logo changes trademark / logo changes ocfs2 related fix. 6

Oracle Enterprise Linux versjoner Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 Update 1 Update 2 Update 3 Update 4 Update 5 Update 6 Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 Update 1 7

Oracle lisensiering Utvikling «OTN Development License». 1 bruker lisens. Kan ikke brukes i produksjon, test eller delte miljøer. Programvare kan lastes ned fra Oracle Technology Network for begrenset utviklingsarbeide i 30 dager. Ikke tillat til intern databehandling, kommersielt bruk eller produksjon. Test OLSA (Oracle License and Service Agreement) 8

Linux programmer Server Samba Postfix Apache VNCserver Klient IPtables nessus Nmap rlwrap Thunderbird Firefox OpenOffice VNCviewer Gimp Eclipse OpenSSH OpenSSL (putty) 9

Hvilken plattform? Oracle10g R2 x86: 10.2.0.1 x86: AMD64: 10.2.0.1 Itanium: Patcher x86: Itanium: Itanium: AMD64: 10.2.0.4 10.2.0.3 11.1.0.6 AMD64: 11.1.0.6 10.2.0.1 10.2.0.4 Oracle11g R1 Patcher x86: 11.1.0.6 AMD64: Itanium: 10

Maskinkrav Linux CPU Oracle CPU Tekst: Pentium 200 Mhz Grafisk: Pentium II 400 Mhz Minne Minne Tekst: 64 MB (runlevel 3) Grafisk: 256 MB (runlevel 5) Disk Server 1,1 GB Grafisk: 512 MB Disk EE + DB 3,7 GB Ikke kjøp den nyeste modellen! 11

Desktop og server Desktop Ha det gøy Server Høy oppetid Teste nye versjoner Etablerte versjoner Eksperimentell hardware Utprøvd hardware Fikse på egen hånd Supportavtale Dualboot Linux/Windows 12

13 VMware server installer 1.0.5 80187.exe

VMware lisens 14

VMware tilpasset installasjon 15

VMware Management Interface 16

VMware autorun CD ROM 17

VMware lisens informasjon 20

VMware oppkobling 22

VMware server konsoll 23

Standard virtuell server 25

Gjeste operativ system: Linux 26

Navn på virtuell server 27

Nettverks tilkobling 28

Opprette disk, 10+ GB 29

Opprette disk(er) 30

Unbreakable Linux Network 32

Linux installasjon 33

Booting: linux text, side 62 34

Sjekk installasjonsmedia 35

Konfigurering: Språk (LANG) 37

Konfigurering: Tastatur 38

Konfigurering: Diskpartisjonering 39

Konfigurering: Diskpartisjoner 40

Konfigurering: Disk 41

Konfigurering: Nettverk 42

Konfigurering: IP adresse 43

Konfigurering: Tidssone 44

Passord root administrator 45

Tilpass programmer etterpå... 46

Linux CD nr. 1, 2 og 3 48

Bytt CD: VM > CD ROM > Edit 49

Linux CD nr. 3 50

Start på nytt... 51

Konfigurering av Linux 52

Høyere sikkerhet? 56

Booting: linux text 62

Teste media 63

Konfigurering: Språk (LANG) 65

Konfigurering: Tastatur 66

Konfigurering: Disk 67

Konfigurering: Diskpartisjoner 68

Konfigurering: /dev/sda 69

Konfigurering: Partisjonering 70

Konfigurering: Nettverk 71

Konfigurering: IPv4 og IPv6 72

Konfigurering: IP adresse 73

Konfigurering: Gateway og DNS 74

Konfigurering: Navn 75

Konfigurering: Tidssone 76

Passord: root administrator 77

Konfigurering: programvare 78

Logg av installasjonen 79

3 av 5 CDer trenges 80

Mellom 10 og 30 minutter 81

Bytt CD: VM > CD ROM > Edit 82

Tilpassinger 84

Installere ny kjerne: 2.6.18.53.el5 86 [root@demo ~]# uname r 2.6.18 53.el5 [root@demo ~]# ls kernel 2.6.18 53.1.14.0.1.el5.i686.rpm kernel headers 2.6.18 53.1.14.0.1.el5.i386.rpm [root@demo ~]# rpm ivh kernel 2.6.18 53.1.14.0.1.el5.i386.rpm Preparing... ###################################### [100%] 1:kernel ###################################### [100%] [root@demo ~]# rpm ivh kernel headers 2.6.18 53.1.14.0.1.el5.i386.rpm Preparing... ###################################### [100%] 1:kernel headers ###################################### [100%] [root@demo ~]# reboot

Installere VMware tools 88 [root@demo ~]# mount r /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@demo ~]# cd /mnt [root@demo mnt]# ls VMwareTools 6.0.3 80004.i386.rpm VmwareTools 6.0.3 80004.tar.gz [root@demo mnt]# rpm ivh VMwareTools 6.0.3 80004.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:VMwareTools ########################################### [100%] [root@demo ~]# reboot

Konfigurer X11 windows 89

Forberedelser: Metalink notat 419646.1 1. Hardware requirements i) Physical Memory At least 1024MB of physical RAM is required. To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command [root@demo ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1035324 kb ii) Swap Space RAM between 1024 MB and 2048 MB, swap space 1.5 times the size of RAM [root@demo ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 2031608 kb iii) Disk space Requirement 400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software 1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage [root@demo ~]# df h / Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/volgroup00 LogVol00 7,7G 1,9G 5,5G 26% / 90

91 2. Kernel Requirements The system must be running the following kernel version (or a later version) 2.6.18 8 To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command: [root@demo ~]# uname r 2.6.18 53.1.14.0.1.el5

92 3a. Installing required packages fra CD 2 The minimum required packages given here are sufficient only if Linux has been installed without customizing the package selection. Install all these packages from the directory Server in CD#2 of RHEL/OEL 5. [root@demo ~]# mount r /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@demo ~]# cd /mnt [root@demo mnt]# rpm import RPM GPG KEY [root@demo ~]# cd Server [root@demo Server]# rpm ivh gcc c++ 4.1.1 52.el5.i386.rpm gcc 4.1.1 52.el5.i386.rpm \ libstdc++ devel 4.1.1 52.el5.i386.rpm \ glibc devel 2.5 12.i386.rpm \ glibc headers 2.5 12.i386.rpm \ libgomp 4.1.1 52.el5.i386.rpm \ libxp 1.0.0 8.i386.rpm \ compat libstdc++ 33 3.2.3 61.i386.rpm \ compat libstdc++ 296 2.96 138.i386.rpm Preparing... ###################################### [100%] 1:libgomp ###################################### [ 11%]...

93 3b. Installer ikke dokumenterte pakker fra CD 2 [root@demo Server]# rpm ivh *ODBC* Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:unixODBC ########################################### [ 50%] 2:unixODBC devel ########################################### [100%] [root@demo Server]# rpm ivh libaio devel 0.3.106 3.2.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libaio devel ########################################### [100%]

94 3c. Installing required packages fra CD #3 Install this package from the directory Server in CD#3 of RHEL/OEL 5. Demonter CDen først! [root@demo mnt]# cd [root@demo ~]# umount /mnt Monter CD nummer 3, ved hjelp av Vmware først. Importer nøkkel og installer den siste pakken. [root@demo ~]# mount r /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@demo ~]# cd /mnt [root@demo mnt]# cd Server [root@demo Server]# rpm ivh sysstat 7.0.0 3.el5.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:sysstat ########################################### [100%]

95 3d. Hentet fra Oracle Unbreakable Network For å unngå feilmeldinger under Oracle installasjonen er to pakker lastet ned fra http://linux.oracle.com. [root@demo ~]# rpm ivh elfutils libelf devel 0.125 3.el5.i386.rpm \ elfutils libelf devel static 0.125 3.el5.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:elfutils libelf devel static ########################################### [ 50%] 2:elfutils libelf devel ########################################### [100%]

96 4. Set the kernel parameters Add the following the lines in the file /etc/sysctl.conf Install all these packages from the directory Server in CD#2 of RHEL/OEL 5 by the command. [root@demo ~]# gedit /etc/sysctl.conf kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 # 1048576 Oracle10g R2 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # 1048576 Oracle10g R2 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144 # net.ipv4.tcp_wmem_default = 262144 # net.ipv4.tcp_wmem_max = 262144 # net.ipv4.tcp_rmem_default = 262144 # net.ipv4.tcp_rmem_max = 4194304 To place these changes into effect, execute the command: [root@demo Server]# sysctl p

97 5. Create Oracle user and groups [root@demo ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@demo ~]# groupadd dba [root@demo ~]# groupadd oper [root@demo ~]# groupadd asm [root@demo ~]# useradd g oinstall G dba,oper,asm oracle [root@demo ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New UNIX password: ####### Retype new UNIX password: ####### passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully [root@demo ~]# system config users

98 6. Create the required directories for Oracle Base and change the ownership [root@demo ~]# mkdir p /oracle [root@demo ~]# chown R oracle:oinstall /oracle [root@demo ~]# mkdir p /oradata [root@demo ~]# chown R oracle:dba /oradata

99 7. Set the session limits for Oracle user Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file [root@demo ~]# gedit /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 Add the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file [root@demo ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so Add the following lines to the /etc/profile [root@demo ~]# gedit /etc/profile if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then ulimit u 16384 ulimit n 65536 fi

100 8. Configure the Oracle user's environment Configuring the oracle User's Environment. Note that setting $ORACLE_BASE (not $ORACLE_HOME) in the environment will ease a couple of entries in the Oracle Universal Installer. [oracle@demo ~]$ cd [oracle@demo ~]$ vi.bash_profile #.bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ f ~/.bashrc ]; then. ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle export ORACLE_SID=TEST11g unset ORACLE_HOME unset LANG PATH=/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:$HOME/bin

101 9. Invoking Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) Log in as Oracle user and start installation by any one of the following methods. This is required because Oracle 10.2 (and Oracle 11.1) expects the OS to be RHEL 3 or RHEL/OEL 4. [oracle@demo ~]$ cd /Nedlasting/Oracle/Linux/Oracle11gR1 [oracle@demo Oracle11gR1 ~]$ unzip linux_11gr1_database.zip inflating: database/doc/server.111/b32009/toc.htm inflating: database/doc/server.111/b32009/tuning.htm inflating: database/doc/server.111/b32009.pdf inflating: database/runinstaller [oracle@demo Oracle11gR1]$ cd database [oracle@demo database]$./runinstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 5235 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1983 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed Please wait...

OUI: Welcome 102

OUI: Inventory 103

OUI: Installation Type 104

OUI: Install Location 105

OUI: Prerequisite Checks 106

OUI: Configuration Option 107

OUI: Configuration Option 108

OUI: Summary 109

OUI: Summary 110

OUI: root skript 111

VMware: /oradata Disk 113

Forberedelser: Filsystem [root@demo ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 L /oradata mke2fs 1.36 (05 Feb 2005) Filesystem label=/oracle OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 1040384 inodes, 2078362 blocks 103918 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2130706432... Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@demo ~]# vi /etc/fstab LABEL=/oradata /oradata ext3 data=journal 1 2 116

Tilrettelegging: Oracle profil [oracle@demo ~]$ vi.bash_profile... export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/11.1.0.6/db export ORACLE_SID=DEMO11G export NLS_LANG=NORWEGIAN_NORWAY.WE8ISO8859P1 PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:$HOME/bin:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin export CDPATH=.:${ORACLE_HOME}:${ORACLE_BASE}/admin/${ORACLE_SID} UNSET LANG #export LANG=en_US PS1=$(hostname)':${ORACLE_SID}> ' [oracle@demo ~]$..bash_profile demo:demo11g> 117

Tilrettelegging: /etc/hosts demo:demo11g> vi /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 # 192.168.2.200 demo.oraklet.no demo [root@demo ~]# system config networks 118

Oracle brannmur iptables Åpne port 1521 mot server med IP adresse 192.168.2.200 Port 1521 inn Ukjent port ut, etablert [root@demo ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables A INPUT p tcp \ s 0/0 \ sport 1024:65535 \ d 192.168.2.200 \ dport 1521 \ m state state NEW,ESTABLISHED j ACCEPT A OUTPUT p tcp \ s 192.168.2.200 \ sport 1521 \ d 0/0 \ dport 1024:65535 \ m state state ESTABLISHED j ACCEPT [root@demo ~]# system config firewall 119

Oracle verktøy dbca emca netca netmgr oidca oidadmin esm 120 Database Configuration Assistant Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant Network Configuration Assistant Network Manager OID Configuration Assistant OID Manager Enterprise Security Manager

Network Configuration Assistant demo:demo11g> which netca /oracle/product/11.1.0.6/db/bin/dbca demo:demo11g> netca 121

netca: Add Listener 122

netca: LISTENER 123

netca: TCP protocol 124

netca: Port 1521? 125

Database Configuration Assistant demo:demo11g> which dbca /oracle/product/11.1.0.6/db/bin/dbca demo:demo11g> dbca 127

dbca: Create a Database 128

dbca: Type of Database 129

dbca: Database Name 130

dbca: Enterprise Manager 131

dbca: Administrative Passwords 132

dbca: Storage 133

dbca: Database file locations 134

dbca: Flash Recovery Area 135

dbca: Sample Schemas 136

dbca: Memory, etc 137

dbca: Oracle11g Security 138

dbca: Automatic Maintenance Tasks 139

dbca: Storage names 140

dbca: Database creation options 141

dbca: Common Options 142

dbca: Database creation 143

Enterprise Manager Database Control demo:demo11g> emctl status dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.1.0.6.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2007 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://demo.oraklet.no:1158/em/console/aboutapplication Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g is not running. demo.oraklet.no:demo11g> emctl start dbconsole Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.1.0.6.0 Copyright (c) 1996, 2007 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. https://demo.oraklet.no:1158/em/console/aboutapplication Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control... started. Logs are generated in directory /oracle/product/11.1.0.6/db/demo.oraklet.no_demo11g/sysman/log [root@demo ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables A RH Firewall 1 INPUT m state state NEW m tcp p tcp dport 443 j ACCEPT 144

Enterprise Manager Database Control 145