The Joint Norwegian-Russian Governance of the Barents Sea LME Fisheries

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1 The Joint Norwegian-Russian Governance of the Barents Sea LME Fisheries 3 rd Global LME Conference Swakopmund, 8 10 October 2014 Lidvard Grønnevet

5 Steering group in MAREANO Ministry of Trade Industry and Fisheries Ministry of Climate and Environment Ministry of Petroleum and Energy The Norwegian Management Plans Program group in MAREANO ü Directorate of Fisheries ü Institute of Marine Research (IMR) ü Directorate for Nature Management ü Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) ü Norwegian Polar Institute ü Norwegian Petroleum Directorate ü Norwegian National Coastal Administration ü Norwegian Hydrographic Service (SK) Implementing group: IMR; NGU; SK (Mapping Authority)

6 History of cod fishery and regulations The first regulations was aimed at preventing conflict between fishers operation on the same fishing grounds. Regulations for biological reasons were not introduced until mid 20 th century. Minimum mesh size and fish size London Increasing the mesh size to 110 mm - Convention, London 1946 / in force April 1953 The first binding measures in the history of the cod fishery.

7 The History of the management measures in the Northeast Arctic Cod Fishery: Jakobsen & Ozhigin 2012

8 The projected introduction of national economic zones and negative trends in the dynamics of the commercial fish stocks in the Barents Sea were major reasons for establishing in January 1976 the Joint Soviet- Norwegian Fisheries Commission, later the Joint Russian- Norwegian Fisheries Commission. Objective: ensuring a coordinated effective management of joint stocks. Ever since, the cod fishery regulation measures have been based on the priority of the ICES total allowable catch (TAC) recommendations with simultaneous implementation of the other management measures.

9 Quota contest and Coastal State Solidarity Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Management through 30 years

10 Joint Russian Norwegian Fishery Commission Protocol of the 43rd session of the Joint Russian- Norwegian Commission (unofficial translation) From 1) Opening: The parties highlighted the importance of the practical focus that the Joint Russian- Norwegian Commission is following in accordance with the Fisheries Agreements of 1975 and This approach builds on the recognition that the fish stocks migrating between the various zones in the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea need to be regulated in their whole range. The parties underlined the importance of good communication and discussed practical actions to avoid misunderstandings - in the whole area of authority for the Joint Russian- Norwegian Commission - that can lead to unnecessary stop in the fishery and serious loss of income for the fishing vessels. (unofficial translation)

11 43. meeting October 2013 in St. Petersburg. Arne Røksund and Vasiliy Sokolov

12 Agenda 1. Åpning av sesjonen 2. Godkjenning av dagsordenen 3. Arbeidsgrupper 4. Utveksling av fangststatistikk for 2012 og hittil i Regulering av fisket etter torsk og hyse i Fastsettelse av totalkvoter og fordeling av kvoter 5.2. Andre tiltak for regulering av fisket 6. Regulering av fisket etter lodde i Regulering av fisket etter blåkveite i Spørsmål vedrørende forvaltning av norsk vårgytende sild i Regulering av fisket etter andre fiskeslag i Uer 9.2. Sei Bestandstilstand for sei Om grenseoverskridende egenskaper ved bestanden av sei i Barentshavet 10. Kamsjatkakrabbe (Paralithodes camtschaticus) i Barentshavet 11. Regulering av fisket etter reker i Regulering av selfangsten i Tekniske reguleringstiltak og utkast 14. Forvaltningssamarbeid innen fiskeri Om implementering av tiltak vedtatt under 42. sesjon vedrørende kontroll Rapport fra Det permanente utvalg for forvaltnings- og kontrollspørsmål i fiskerisektoren Utarbeiding av regler for langsiktig, bærekraftig forvaltning av levende marine ressurser i Barentshavet og Norskehavet Memorandum om samarbeidsordninger mellom partenes kontrollmyndigheter Regler om partenes utstedelse av lisenser for fiske og håndhevelse av fiskeribestemmelser Kontrolltiltak for fiske i Barentshavet og Norskehavet i Retningslinjer for fiskerikontroll i Barentshavet og Norskehavet Tredjelands fiske og gjennomføring av Avtale av 15. mai 1999 mellom Norge og Den russiske føderasjon og Island om visse samarbeidsforhold på fiskeriområdet Felles omregningsfaktorer for fiskeprodukter Prosedyre for stengning og åpning av fiskefelt Elektronisk fangst- og posisjonsrapportering Status for utkast til omforent protokoll for avtaler vedrørende systemet for satellittsporing av fangstfartøy Prosedyrer for utveksling av fangst- og aktivitetsdata 15. Felles forskning på levende marine ressurser i Om utbredelse av fellesbestander i Polhavet 16. Norsk-russisk nettsted for fisket i Barentshavet og Norskehavet 17. Samarbeid om havbruk 18. Avslutning av sesjonen

14 Northeast Arctic cod management Harvest control rule : agreement The Parties agreed that the management strategies for cod and haddock should take into account the following: conditions for high long-term yield from the stocks achievement of year-to-year stability in TACs full utilization of all available information on stock development On this basis, the Parties determined the following decision rules for setting the annual fishing quota (TAC) for Northeast Arctic cod (NEA cod): 38th meeting JRNFC, November 2009

15 Northeast Arctic cod management agreement (continued) estimate the average TAC level for the coming 3 years based on Fpa. TAC for the next year will be set to this level as a starting value for the 3-year period. the year after, the TAC calculation for the next 3 years is repeated based on the updated information about the stock development, however the TAC should not be changed by more than +/- 10% compared with the previous year s TAC. If the TAC, by following such a rule, corresponds to a fishing mortality (F) lower than 0.30 the TAC should be increased to a level corresponding to a fishing mortality of if the spawning stock falls below Bpa, the procedure for establishing TAC should be based on a fishing mortality that is linearly reduced from Fpa at Bpa, to F= 0 at SSB equal to zero. At SSB-levels below Bpa in any of the operational years (current year, a year before and 3 years of prediction) there should be no limitations on the year-to-year variations in TAC. 1 The amendment in 2009 in bold. 38th meeting JRNFC, November 2009

18 The picture shows researchers from the Soviet Union and Norway in front of headquarter of the Russian marine research institute PINRPO in Murmansk during the first ocean research meeting in 1958.

20 Agreement on the zonal border reached on April 27, Signed September 15, Ratification by Norway February 8, 2011 and Russia March 20, Effective July 7, 2011.

21 From the signing ceremony September 15, Foreign ministers Jonas Gahr Støre and Sergej Lavrov. Behind president Dmitry Medvedev and prime minister Jens Stoltenberg.

22 The Russian trawler Elektron pictured during the escape from the Norwegian Coast Guard in October 2005.

23 Spawning stock biomass of all main pelagic species

24 Spawning stock biomass of all main groundfish species 1)

25 Total operating revenues and costs (nominal value). Vessels 8 metres and above

26 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 Sustaining Human Progress Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience Human Development Index (HDI) Gross national income (GNI) per capita Norway 0,944 Russian Federation 0,778 Norway Russian Feder USA 0,914 Mexico 0,756 USA Mexico

27 August 7, 2014 Russia announced that the sanctions will also include Norway and the seafood sector. Despite hurting domestic business and consumers, Russia now announce ban on imports from Norway.

28 Cod prices Norway (NOK/kg for HG cod) Source: NORDEA

29 Cod landings Norway, YTD Source: NORDEA

30 Utenriksdepartementet (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Prop. 1 S October 8, 2014 (page 15) Norway, together with our allies in NATO and partners in the EU condemned the Russian action and made it clear that it will have serious consequences if the country does not end their violation of international law behavior and contribute constructively to a peaceful solution to the conflict. On this basis, it introduced restrictive measures against the country, and Norway has like many other countries made it clear that the Russian policy has negative consequences for Russia the outside world, including Norway. (unofficial translation)

31 Utenriksdepartementet (continued) Prop. 1 S October 8, 2014 (page 15) Norway will continue to be a predictable neighbor with a consistent bilateral policy, based on international law. We want to continue the good contact that already exist between our two peoples and develop the bilateral relations further. The cooperation within responsible resource management, environment and fisheries cooperation, cultural cooperation and education- and research cooperation will be continued. (unofficial translation)

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