ISC. Analysis of Pupil Performance. fgunh. Research Development and Consultancy Division

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1 ISC Anlysis of Pupil Performnce fgunh Reserch Development nd Consultncy Division Council for the Indin School Certificte Exmintions New Delhi

2 Yer 2020 Published by: Reserch Development nd Consultncy Division (RDCD) Council for the Indin School Certificte Exmintions Prgti House, 3 rd Floor 47-48, Nehru Plce New Delhi Tel: (011) / E-mil: council@cisce.org Copyright, Council for the Indin School Certificte Exmintions All rights reserved. The copyright to this publiction nd ny prt thereof solely vests in the Council for the Indin School Certificte Exmintions. This publiction nd no prt thereof my be reproduced, trnsmitted, distributed or stored in ny mnner whtsoever, without the prior written pprovl of the Council for the Indin School Certificte Exmintions.

3 FOREWORD This document of the Anlysis of Pupils Performnce t the ISC Yer 12 nd ICSE Yer 10 Exmintion is one of its kind. It hs grown nd evolved over the yers to provide feedbck to schools in terms of the strengths nd weknesses of the cndidtes in hndling the exmintions. We commend the work of Mrs. Shilpi Gupt (Deputy Hed) nd the Reserch Development nd Consultncy Division (RDCD) of the Council who hve pinstkingly prepred this nlysis. We re grteful to the exminers who hve contributed through their comments on the performnce of the cndidtes under exmintion s well s for their suggestions to techers nd students for the effective trnsction of the syllbus. We hope the schools will find this document useful. We invite comments from schools on its utility nd qulity. November 2020 Gerry Arthoon Chief Executive & Secretry i

4 PREFACE The CISCE hs been involved in the preprtion of the ICSE nd ISC Anlysis of Pupil Performnce documents since the yer Over these yers, these documents hve fcilitted the techinglerning process by providing subject/ pper wise feedbck to techers regrding performnce of students t the ICSE nd ISC Exmintions. With the im of ensuring wider ccessibility to ll stkeholders, from the yer 2014, the ICSE nd the ISC documents hve been mde vilble on the CISCE website The documents for the ICSE nd ISC Exmintion Yer 2020 include detiled qulittive nlysis of the performnce of students in different subjects. The purpose of this nlysis is to provide insights into how cndidtes hve performed in individul questions set in the question pper. This section is bsed on inputs provided by exminers from exmintion centers cross the country. It comprises of question wise feedbck on the performnce of cndidtes in the form of Comments of Exminers on the common errors mde by cndidtes long with Suggestions for Techers to rectify/ reduce these errors. The Mrking Scheme for ech question hs lso been provided to help techers understnd the criteri used for mrking. Topics in the question pper tht were generlly found to be difficult or confusing by cndidtes, hve lso been listed down, long with generl suggestions for cndidtes on how to prepre for the exmintion/ perform better in the exmintion. The Anlysis of Pupil Performnce document for ICSE for the Exmintion Yer 2020 covers the following subjects/ppers: English (English Lnguge, Literture in English), History nd Civics, Mthemtics, Physics, Chemistry, Commercil Studies nd Environmentl Science. Subjects covered in the ISC Anlysis of Pupil Performnce document for the Yer 2020 include English (English Lnguge nd Literture in English), Hindi, Physics, Chemistry, Mthemtics, Computer Science, History, Politicl Science, Economics, Commerce, Accounts, nd Environmentl Science. I would like to cknowledge the contribution of ll the ICSE nd the ISC exminers who hve been n integrl prt of this exercise, whose vluble inputs hve helped put this document together. I would lso like to thnk the RDCD tem of Dr. M.K. Gndhi, Dr. Mnik Shrm, Mrs. Roshni George nd Ms. Mnsi Guleri, who hve done commendble job in prepring this document. We hope tht this document will enble techers to guide their students more effectively nd comprehensively so tht students prepre for the ICSE/ ISC Exmintions, with better understnding of wht is required from them. November 2020 Shilpi Gupt Deputy Hed - RDCD ii

5 CONTENTS Pge No. FOREWORD i PREFACE ii QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: HINDI 1

6 SECTION A LANGUAGE 50 Mrks Question 1 [20] Write composition in pproximtely 400 words in Hindi on ny ONE of the topics given below: fdlh,d fo"k; ij fucu/k fyf[k, tks yxhkx 400 'kcnks ls de u gks: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) fu%lokfkz Hkko ls dh xbz lgk;rk ls vlhe vkun rfkk lrksष प र प त ह त ह A fdlh,slh gh,d?kvuk dk o.kzu dhft, tc vkius viuh ijs kkfu;ks dh ijokg fd, fcuk fdlh t+:jren O;fDr dh enn dh FkhA ;g Hkh Li V dhft, fd bl vuqhko ls vkids thou ij D;k izhkko im+k\ Þty gh thou gsa ty ds fcuk lqugjs dy dh dyiuk djuk O;FkZ gsaß orzeku ;qx es ty ldv dh lel;k fdl izdkj fodjky :i ysrh tk jgh gs\ ty lj{k.k dh vko ;drk rfkk blds fofhkuu mik;ks ij izdk k Mkyrs gq, vius fopkj izlrqr dhft,a vkids fo ky;h thou dk ;g vfure o kz gsa vkt vkidk fonkbz lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k x;k gsa brus o kksz dk fe=ks,o v/;kidks dk lkfk NwVus okyk gsa bu chrs o kksz ds u Hkwyus okys [kv~vs&ehbs vuqhko fyf[k,a Þeuq ; ds usfrd mrfkku dk fteesnkj ifjokj,o lekt gsß& fo k; ds i{k ;k foi{k es vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,a fo o ds ekufp= ij Hkkjr dh,d ubz igpku mhkj jgh gs] bldk dkj.k gs Þvkt dk tkx:d Hkkjrß & O;k[;k dhft,a fueufyf[kr es ls fdlh,d ij eksfyd dgkuh fyf[k,%& () Þchrh rkfg fclkj ns vkxs dh lq/k ys; Aß (b),d eksfyd dgkuh fyf[k, ftldk vfure okd; gks% vksj vius?kj ldq ky ig qpus ij geus psu dh lk l yha 1

7 ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k () (i) ijh{kkffkz;ks us vr;ur jkspd <x ls vius vuqhko izlrqr fd,a dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us fucu/k ds lkjs fcunqvks dks ugh i<+k rfkk mugksus ek=?kvuk rfkk thou ij im+us okys izhkko ij gh vius fopkj j[ksa dqn us ijksidkj ls feyus okys vlhe lrks k dks] crkus ds fy, viuk vuqhko u fy[kdj ^egk;k dk iqjldkj^ rfkk ^ kj.kkxr^ dgkuh dk lkj fy[k fn;ka (ii) vf/kdrj ijh{kkfkhz ty lj{k.k dh vko ;drk,o mik;ks dh iqf V HkyhHkk fr djus es vlefkz jgsa ty ldv ds dkj.k gksus okyh fodjky lel;kvks ds ckjs es Hkh ugh fy[k ik,a dqn ijh{kkfkhz gh lelr fcunqvks dks lesv ik,a vkdm+ks,o rf;ks ds vhkko es ;g fo k; v/kwjk gh jgka (iii) vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us jkspd <x ls vius vuqhkoks dk o.kzu fd;ka ij dqn us flqz fonkbz lekjksg dh rs;kfj;ks ds ckjs es fy[kk] dqn us flqz vius fo ky;h thou ds [kês&ehbs vuqhkoks ds ckjs es gh fy[kka kcnks dk lvhd iz;ksx,o le`) Hkk kk& ksyh dk iz;ksx djus es vlefkz jgsa (iv) bl fo k; ij ijh{kkffkz;ks dh feyh&tqyh izfrfø;k, FkhA dqn ijh{kkfkhz fdlh,d i{k dks ysdj vius fopkj Li V dj ik,] rks dqn us nksuks gh i{kks dks egùo nsrs gq, viuh izfrfø;k, nha iz ukuqlkj os fdlh,d i{k ij rvlfk izfrfø;k ugh ns ik,a dqn rks vius i{k dh iqf V ds fy, leqfpr mnkgj.k ugh ns ik,a (v) Cgqr de ijh{kkffkz;ks us ;g fucu/k fy[kka izlrqfrdj.k vkd kzd ugh Fkk,o fu d kz Hkh HkyhHkk fr Li V ugh dj ik,a fodkl ds fofhkuu igyqvks ij viuk leqfpr n`f Vdks.k Hkh ugh j[k ik,a flqz dqn ijh{kkfkhz gh ;g Li V dj ik, fd Hkkjr fdu&fdu {ks=ks es tkx:d gks jgk gs] dgk &dgk mldh igpku,d u, :Ik es mhkj jgh gsa (vi) () cgqr de ijh{kkffkz;ks us lwfdr dks vk/kkj cukdj eksfyd dgkuh fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;ka dgh&dgh eksfydrk dk vhkko fn[kka lwfdr dk iz;ksx Hkh lgh rjhds ls ugh dj ik,a v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ijh{kkffkz;ks dks le>k, fd p;fur fo k; ds fofhkuu fcunqvks dks fu/kkzfjr dj ml ij vius fopkj izlrqr djsa fdlh vu; dgkuh dks lunhkz ds rksj ij fy[kk tk ldrk gs ij og futh vuqhko ugh dgykrka d{kk es ijh{kkffkz;ks }kjk vius vuqhkoks dks eksf[kd :Ikls izlrqr djus ds fy, dgs A ijh{kkffkz;ks dks crk, fd fucu/k ds lhkh fcunqvks dks js[kkfdr dj] muij vius fopkj izlrqr djsa rf;ijd fo k; ds fy, lgh vkdm+ks,o rf;ks dk gksuk t:jh gsa vr% bl rjg dh Toyr lel;kvks dh d{kk es ppkz djs] muij fpuru,o euu djs] vk dm+s bdës djsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks Mk;jh&ys[ku dh fo/kk ls ifjfpr djkuk pkfg, rfkk fy[kus dk vh;kl djokuk pkfg,] ftlls mudh vfhko;fdr {kerk c<+ ldsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks ckj & ckj le>k, fd fucu/k dk dksbz Hkh fcunq ;k igyw NwVuk ugh pkfg,a fo k; dks /;ku ls i<+us ds fy, izsfjr djsa ijh{kkfkhz lkekftd ifjos k ds izfr tkx:d gks rfkk O;kogkfjd Kku Hkh vftzr djsa v/;kid mugs egku O;fDr;ks dh thou xkfkk i<+us ds fy,,o muds vkn kksz,o ewy;ks dks vius vkpj.k es mrkjus ds fy, izsfjr djsa d{kk es i{k&foi{k ls lecfu/kr fucu/k dk vh;kl djok, rfkk bl ckr ij cy ns fd i{k ;k foi{k dks rdksz }kjk Li V djsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks lelkef;d fo k;ks ls ifjfpr djok;k tk, rfkk bu fo k;ks ij d{kk es ifjppkz dh tk,,oe~ mugs fy[kus dk vh;kl djok;k tk,a mugs ;s crk;k tk, fd fo k; dks /;ku ls i<+dj gh mi;qdr fo k; dk p;u djsa lw{e,o LFkwy gj fcunq ij /;ku nsus dks dgs A 2

8 Question 1 (b) bl dgkuh dk p;u dbz ijh{kkffkz;ks us fd;k ij eksfydrk dk vhkko jgka mugksus ^jktk,o e=h^ dh i<+h gqbz dgkuh es flqz uke cnydj iwjh dgkuh fy[k nha vd ;kstuk 3 () ijh{kkffkz;ks dks dqn lwfdr;ks dks vfkz lfgr dblfk djokuk pkfg, rkfd os vfkz dks HkyhHkk fr le>rs gq, dgkuh fy[k lds A eksfyd kcn ij Hkh fofhkuuk mnkgj.kks }kjk ppkz djuh pkfg,a (b) v/;kid d{kk es i<+h gqbz,o eksfyd dgkuh es vurj djuk le>k,a dgkuh ds rùoks dk Hkh Kku Nk=ks dks djok, A (i) Hkwfedk ekuo thou es ijksidkj dk egùo] lsok Hkkouk] n;k] d:.kk,o lgkuqhkwfr tslh Hkkoukvks dh ekuo thou es mi;ksfxrk vkfna o.kzu fdlh,d?kvuk dk o.kzu folrkj ;gk t:jren dh enn vkids }kjk dh xbz gks u fd fdlh vu; ds }kjka viuh ij kkfu;ks dk lkeuk vkius dsls fd;k] tks fdlh dh enn djrs odr vkids lkeus vkb±a bl vuqhko ls vkids thou ij im+uss okyk izhkkoa milgkj fu%lokfkz lsok gh lpph lsok gs] mlds lkeus lkjs lq[k,o oshko Qhds gs] ijksidkj djus es tks vkuun gs og vrqyuh; gsa (ii) Hkwfedk thou es ty dk egùo] ty,d vueksy izkñfrd leink] kjhj es yxhkx 70% ty dh ek=k gsa i`foh ds iwjs {ks=qy dk 71% ty gsa is; ty,o Hkwfexr ty dh deh rfkk ty iznw"k.k [krjs dh?kvha fo"k; folrkj ty ldv dh lel;k dk fodjky :i & orzeku es ty ldv dk fnu izfrfnu xgjkuka tul[;k o`f) vksj kgjhdj.k ls ty dh ek x c<+uka ty lzksrks dk nwf"kr gksuka Hkwfexr ty es deha is; ty dk rfkk LoPN ty dk vhkkoa ty dk nq:i;ksxa egkjk"vª] xqtjkr] jktlfkku] psuubz dk ty ldva

9 milgkj ty lj{k.k dh vko ;drk & ty lj{k.k] ty dk nq#i;ksx jksduk] nwf"kr gksus ls cpkuk rfkk iqu% iz;ksx es ykuka ty ds fcuk thou vlhkoa izxfr es ck/kda ty lj{k.k ds mik; & tkx:drk dk izpkj&izlkja ikuh dk lnqi;ksxa o"kkz ty dk,d=hdj.ka i;kzoj.k lrqyua Hkfo"; es ty ds fy, fo o;q) dh lhkkouka thou ksyh es cnykoa ty dh izr;sd cwn dk egùo le>uka (iii) Hkwfedk Nk= thou es fo ky; dh egùkk] izkfkfed d{kkvks ls mpp d{kkvks rd ds lqj es fe= ] f k{kdks,o fo ky; izc/ku dk ;ksxnku] dqn xhkhj ppkz, ] dqn kjkjrs,o dqn uknkfu;k & dqy feykdj fo ky;h thou,d elrh Hkjk thou gsa fo"k; folrkj d{kk ckjgoh ds Ik pkr~ ckjh vkrh gs fonkbz lekjksg dha bl lekjksg es Hkkx ysus dh mùkstuk] rs;kjh] dqn [kv~vh&ehbh ;knsa fe=,o v/;kidks ls tqm+s dqn fdlls] vkidh muds lkfk tqm+h dqn HkkoukRed ;kns] mugs nwljks ls ck Vus dh mrlqdrk] ;k dqn u dg ikus dk xe] dqn ldksp] viuh kjkjrks ij {kek ;kpuk bu lkjs iyks ds dqn [kv~vs&ehbs vuqhkoks dk o.kzua milgkj,d rjq lcdk lkfk NwVus dk xe] nwljh rjq,d u, {ks=@ekgksy es tkus dk vutkuk lk Hk;A fonkbz lekjksg dk dk;zøe] mldh rlohjs] ;knks dh /kjksgja (iv) Hkwfedk ge lc dks vius thou es usfrd ewy;ks dks viukus dh vko ;drk gsa mldh uho igys?kj ij fqj fo ky;@lekt es im+rh gsa usfrd ewy;ks ds fcuk O;fDr ik"kk.k Lo:i gks tkrk gsa lgh&xyr dk fu.kz; ugh dj ikrk gsa vkfna i{k kj] ifjokj,o lekt cpps dh igyh ikb kkyk gsa?kj ij cm+ks }kjk ¼nknk&nknh] ukuk&ukuh½ cppks dks usfrd ewy;ks ls tqm+h dgkfu;k lqukbz tkrh gs ] blh ekgksy es cppk cm+k gksrk gs] fo ky; tkrk gs ogk Hkh f k{kd gj fo"k; ds lkfk usfrdrk dk ikb i<+krs gsa mugs lgh&xyr dk vurj fl[kkrs gs] vius vkn kz&pfj= ls muds lkeus mnkgj.k is k djrs gsa usfrd ewy;ks ls tqm+h izfr;ksfxrk, djokrs gs] tc os lekt ls tqm+rs gs rks ogk Hkh bzekunkjks dh t;&t;dkj,o csbzekuks dh fuunk ns[k&lqu lgh ewy;ks dks viukus dh bpnk j[krs gsa ;k foi{k usfrd ewy;ks dh cnksyr euq"; cqyfun;ks dks Nwrk gsa usfrd ewy;ks dh deh dk fteesnkj ifjokj,o lekt dks ekuuka?kj ij ekrk&firk }kjk cppks ij /;ku u fn;k tkuk] muds lkeus gh cm+ks }kjk >wb cksyuk] vkil es ym+uk] nwljks ds izfr gs; Hkko j[kuk] vusfrd rjhdks ls /ku dekuk, xkyh&xykst es vius lgdfez;ks ls ckrs djuk vkfna ekuo dk [kqn gh usfrd ewy;ks es fo okl gksuka fo ky;@lekt % fo ky; es f k{kdks@f kf{kdkvks dk viuss Nk= dk vkn kz u cu ikuk mues Hksn&Hkko djuka dfkuh,o djuh es lke; u gksuk vkfn dkj.k gs mues vusfrd Hkko Hkjus es A nwljs Nk= dk vkil es ym+kbz&>xm+k djuk vkfna 4

10 fo ks k Nk= dks dsoy,d gh i{k dks ysdj vius fopkj izlrqr djus gsa milgkj fdlh,d i{k ls viuh ckr j[krs gq, iqu% bl ckr ij tksj Mkyuk gs fd usfrd ewy;ks ds mrfkku es ;k rks?kj&ifjokj fteesnkj gs ;k usfrd ewy;ks dh fxjkov es A usfrd ewy; fl[kk, ugh tkrs] ns[kdj vkrs gsa ;fn?kj&ifjokj ;k lekt bls O;ogkj es iznf kzr djrk gs] rks usfrd mrfkku gksrk gs vu;fkk budk vhkko fn[krk gsa (v) Hkwfedk Hkkjr gekjh ekr`hkwfe gsa ges vius ns k ij xoz vksj vfhkeku gksuk pkfg,a vkt fo o bddhloh lnh es izos k dj pqdk gsa vhkh bl lnh ds vkjhk es gh geus dbz miyfc/k;k izkir dj yh gs],sls vkfo"dkj ftudh dsoy geus dyiuk dh Fkh] vkt os lkdkj gs A vkt dk Hkkjr tkx:d gsa og vius ns k dks fdlh Hkh vu; ns k ls finm+k gqvk ugh ns[k ldrk gsa blhfy, og fujrj iz;ru khy jgrk gsa tc rd fdlh ns k dk ukxfjd vius ns k ds fy, tkx:d ugh gksrk] ml ns k dk fodkl ugh gskrk gsa s o.kzu vkt dk Hkkjr f k{kk ds {ks= e tkx:d gsa izkfkfed gks ;k ek/;fed f k{kk] mppre f k{kk gks ;k fo ofo ky; Lrj dh] lhkh Lrj ij tkx:drk vkbz gsa fpfdrlk ds {ks= es cm+h&ls&cm+h chekfj;ks dk bykt+ Hkh vkt Hkkjr es gks jgk gsa vc xzkeh.k {ks=ks es yksx vlirky es bykt djokrs gsa fokku,o rduhdh es rks iksjkf.kd dky ls gh gekjk ns k lcls vkxs jgk gs ij vc rks fdlh Hkh {ks= es ge fdlh ls ihns ugh gsa tkx:drk flqz ;gh rd ugh gsa Hkz"Vkpkj gks ;k pksj cktkjh] rldjh gks ;k gr;k] lkiznkf;d fookn gks ;k fglk] csjkstxkjh gks ;k xjhch lhkh {ks=ks es Hkkjrh; viuh flfkfr lq/kkjus es yxs gq, gsa yksx ltx gks jgs gs] lekt dh foñfr;ks ds lq/kkj es yxs gq, gsa milgkj Hkkjrokfl;ks es ;g fo okl tkx pqdk gs fd gekjk ns k vc fdlh ls ihns ugh jgsxka lhkh {ks=ks es lefkz gksxka vc Hkkjr Hkh fo o ds vxz.kh jk"vªks es gksxka vksj fqj ls,d ckj txn~ xq# dh mikf/k ls leekfur gekjk Hkkjr vius izkphu xksjo dks izkir dj ldsxka (vi) () dgkuh eksfyd gksuh pkfg,a ;g fdlh?kvuk ;k vuqhko ij vk/kkfjr gks ldrh gs] dgkuh dk vk/kkj gksuk pkfg, & ^thou] es tks chr pqdk gs] mls Hkwy dj vkxs ds ckjs es lkspuk pkfg,a* ;g dgkuh vius lkfk ;k vius fdlh fe= ds lkfk?kfvr?kvuk ij Hkh vk/kkfjr gks ldrh gsa dgkuh es ns kdky] ik=] pfj=] lokn] dgkuh dk df;@mís ; Li"V,o eksfyd gksus pkfg,a dgkuh dk vur,slk gks fd mlls feyus okyh f k{kk Lor% gh Li"V gks tk,a (b) dgkuh eksfyd gksus ds lkfk bl okd; ls vur gksuh pkfg, fd ^^vksj vius?kj ld qky igq pus ij geus psu dh lk l yha** dgkuh fdlh Hkh vuqhko ;k?kvuk ij vk/kkfjr gks ldrh gsa ;gk Hkh dgkuh ds lhkh rùoks dk lekos k gksuk pkfg,a 5

11 Question 2 Red the pssge given below crefully nd nswer in Hindi the questions tht follow, using your own words : fueufyf[kr vorj.k dks i<+dj] vur es fn, x, iz uks ds mÿkj vius kcnks es fyf[k, : iqjkus le; dh ckr gs],d xk o es nks fdlku jgrs FksA nksuks gh cgqr xjhc Fks] nksuks ds ikl FkksM+h&FkksM+h t+ehu Fkh] nksuks mles gh esgur djds viuk vksj vius ifjokj dk xqtkjk djrs FksA vdlekr~ dqn le; i pkr nksuks dh,d gh fnu],d gh le; ij e`r;q gks x;ha ;ejkt nksuks dks,d lkfk Hkxoku ds ikl ys x,a Hkxoku us mugs ns[k ds muls iwnk] ÞrqEgkjs bl thou es D;k deh Fkh\ß Hkxoku dh ckr lqudj mues ls,d fdlku cm+s xqlls ls cksyk] Þgs Hkxou~! vkius bl tue es eq>s cgqr?kfv;k ft+unxh nh FkhA vkius dqn Hkh ugh fn;k Fkk eq>sa iwjh ftunxh esus csy dh rjg [ksrks es dke fd;k] tks dqn Hkh dek;k og lc isv Hkjus es yxk fn;k] u gh es dhkh vpns dim+s igu ik;k vksj u gh dhkh vius ifjokj dks vpnk [kkuk f[kyk ik;ka tks Hkh isls dekrk Fkk] dksbz vkdj eq>ls ysdj pyk tkrk Fkk vksj esjs gkfk es dqn Hkh ugh vk;ka ns[kks] dslh tkuojks tslh ft+unxh th gs esusaß mldh ckr lqudj Hkxoku dqn le; eksu jgs vksj iqu% ml fdlku ls iwnk] Þrks vc rqe D;k pkgrs gks] bl tue es es rqegs D;k cukå \ß Hkxoku dk iz u lqudj og fdlku iqu% cksyk] ÞHkxou~! vki dqn,slk dj nhft,] fd eq>s dhkh fdlh dks dqn Hkh nsuk u im+sa eq>s rks dsoy pkjks rjq ls islk gh islk feysaß viuh ckr dgdj og fdlku pqi gks x;ka Hkxoku us mldh ckr lquh vksj dgk ÞrFkkLrq! rqe vc tk ldrs gks] es rqegs,slh gh thou nw xk tslk rqeus eq>ls ek xk gsaß mlds tkus ds ckn Hkxoku us nwljs fdlku ls iwnk] Þrqe crkvks] rqegkjs thou es D;k deh Fkh\ß ml fdlku us Hkxoku ds lkeus gkfk tksm+rs gq, dgk] Þgs Hkxou~ A vkius eq>s lcdqn fn;k] es vkils D;k ek xwa vkius eq>s,d vpnk ifjokj fn;k] eq>s dqn t+ehu nh ftl ij esgur ls dke djds esus vius ifjokj dks,d vpnk thou fn;ka [kkus ds fy, vkius eq>s vksj esjs ifjokj dks HkjisV Hkkstu fn;ka es vksj esjk ifjokj dhkh Hkw[ks isv ugh lks;ka cl,d gh deh Fkh esjs thou es] ftldk eq>s iwjh ft+unxh vq+lksl jgk vksj vkt Hkh gsa esjs njokts ij dhkh dqn Hkw[ks vksj I;kls yksx vkrs Fks Hkkstu ek xus ds fy, ijurq dhkh&dhkh Hkkstu u gksus ds dkj.k es mugs [kkuk ugh ns ikrk Fkk vksj os esjs }kj ls Hkw[ks gh yksv tkrs FksA,slk dgdj og pqi gks x;ka ß Hkxoku us mldh ckr lqudj mlls iwnk] Þrks vc D;k pkgrs gks rqe] bl tue es es rqegs D;k cukå \ fdlku us gkfk tksm+rs gq, Hkxoku ls fourh dh] Þgs izhkq! vki dqn,slk dj ns fd esjs }kj ls dksbz Hkw[kk&I;klk uk tk,aß Hkxoku us dgk] ÞrFkkLrq! rqe tkvks rqegkjs }kj ls dhkh dksbz Hkw[kk&I;klk ugh tk,xkaß vc nksuks dk iqu% mlh xk o es,d lkfk tue gqvka nksuks,d lkfk cm+s gq,a igyk O;fDr ftlus Hkxoku ls dgk Fkk fd mls pkjks rjq ls dsoy /ku feys vksj mls dhkh fdlh dks dqn nsuk uk im+s ] og O;fDr ml xk o dk lcls cmk fhk[kkjh cuka vc mls fdlh dks dqn nsuk ugh im+rk Fkk vksj tks dksbz Hkh vkrk mldh >ksyh es isls Mkydj gh tkrk FkkA nwljk O;fDr ftlus Hkxoku ls dgk Fkk fd mls dqn ugh pkfg,] dsoy bruk gks tk, fd mlds }kj ls dhkh dksbz Hkw[kk&I;klk u tk,] og ml xk o dk lcls vehj vkneh cuka bz oj us tks fn;k gs mlh es lrq V jguk cgqr t+:jh gsa vdlj ns[kk tkrk gs fd lhkh yksxks dks ges kk nwljks dh pht+s T;knk iln vkrh gs vksj blds pddj es os viuk thou Hkh vpns 6

12 ls ugh th ikrsa gj ckr ds nks igyw gksrs gs & ldkjkred vksj udkjkred] vc ;s gekjh lksp ij fuhkzj gs fd ge pht+ks dks udkjkred :i es ns[krs gs ;k ldkjkred :i lsa vpnk thou thuk gs] rks viuh lksp dks vpnk cukuk gksxka pht+ks es dfe;k fudkyus dh ctk; Hkxoku us tks fn;k gs mldk vkun ysuk vksj ges kk nwljks ds izfr lsok Hkko j[kuk gksxk! ftl fnu gekjh lksp cnysxh] thou ds izfr gekjk n`f Vdks.k Hkh cny tk,xka iz u %& (i) nksuks fdlku dgk jgrs Fks \ mu nksuks es D;k lekurk,,o D;k fo kerk, Fkh \ [4] (ii) igys fdlku dks vius thou ls D;k f kdk;r Fkh \ og nwljs tue es D;k cuuk pkgrk Fkk \ [4] (iii) nwljs fdlku us Hkxoku ls vius fy, D;k ek xk vksj D;ks \ [4] (iv) nksuks fdlkuks dk iqutzue fdl :Ik es gqvk \ vc mudk thou dslk Fkk \ [4] (v) bl x k k ls ges D;k f k{kk feyrh gs \ [4] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k (i) (ii) iz u dks /;kuiwozd u i<+us ds dkj.k dbz ijh{kkfkhz iz u dk fcunqokj mùkj ugh ns ik,a mugks us iz u ds nks fgllks ds lgh mùkj fy[ks ij rhljs fglls ;kfu fo kerk, D;k Fkh] ugh fy[k ik,a izk;% lhkh ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj lgh fy[kka ijurq mùkj vius kcnks es u fy[kdj vuqpnsn ls v{kj k% mrkj dj j[k fn;ka (iii) bl iz u dk Hkh lhkh ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh mùkj fn;ka pw fd x k k dh ifdr;ks dks gh ;Fkkor~ mrkj fn;k x;k Fkk blfy, ek=kvks dh v kqf);k Hkh de FkhA mùkj vius kcnks es u fy[kus,o x k k ls v{kj k% mrkjus ds dkj.k vuko ;d folrkj gks x;k FkkA (iv) (v) bl iz u dk mùkj Hkh lhkh ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh fy[kka mùkj es v kqf);k ugh FkhA ijh{kkffkz;ks us x k k dh Hkk kk dks gh mrkj fn;k Fkk] vius kcnks es cgqr gh de ijh{kkffkz;ks us ;g mùkj fy[kka x k k dh f k{kk fcydqy Li V Fkh blfy, ys[ku lecu/kh v kqf);k rks ugh Fkh ij f k{kk vius kcnks es fy[kh tkuh pkfg, FkhA dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us vius kcnks dk lgkjk fy;k ij vf/kdk k us x k k ds vfure ifjpnsn dks gqcgw mrkj fn;ka v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ijh{kkffkz;ks dks i=&if=dk, i<+us ds fy, izsfjr djs rkfd muds kcn HkMkj es o`f) gks vksj lekurk] vlekurk] vurj ;k fo kerk tsls kcnks ds vfkz le> dj fcunqokj lgh mùkj fy[k lds A lkfk gh mugs crk, fd iz u i<+us es kh?kzrk u djsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks funszf kr djs fd mùkj ;Fkk lehko vius kcnks es fy[ks] x k k dh Hkk kk es mùkj u nsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks ;g le>kus dk iz;kl djs fd mùkj dh fo k; olrq D;k,o fdruh gksuh pkfg,a vfrfolrkj ds nks k ls cpus,o mùkj vius kcnks es fy[kuk fl[kk, A ijh{kkffkz;ks dks izr;sd mihkkx dk vyx&vyx mùkj nsus dk rjhdk le>kuk pkfg,a v/;kid mugs ;s le>k, fd x k k dh Hkk kk dks le>dj mùkj vius kcnks es fy[kus dk iz;kl djsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks le>k, fd viuh Hkk kk& ksyh es mùkj nsus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg, rfkk izhkko kkyh rjhds ls f k{kk fy[kuh pkfg,a x k k ls feyus okyh f k{kk dk mùkj dsls fy[kk tkuk pkfg,] bldk vh;kl d{kk es fyf[kr,o eksf[kd nksuks :iks ls djokuk pkfg,a 7

13 Question 2 vd ;kstuk (i) (ii) nksuks s fdlku,d xk o es jgrs FksA nksuks ds thou es ;s lekurk, Fkh fd nksuks gh xjhc Fks] nksuks ds ikl FkksM+h&FkksM+h tehu Fkh; nksuks gh esgur djds viuk vksj vius ifjokj dk xqtkjk djrs Fks vksj nksuks dh e`r;q Hkh,d gh fnu vksj,d gh le; ij gqbza nksuks es fo"kerk, ;s Fkh fd,d fdlku ykyph vksj LokFkhZ FkkA mldk n`f"vdks.k udkjkred Fkk] mls vius thou ls dbz f kdk;rs Fkh] tcfd nwljk fdlku thou ls lrq"v,o [kq k Fkk] mles ijekfkz dh Hkkouk FkhA mldk thou ds izfr ldkjkred ut+fj;k FkkA igys fdlku dks vius thou ls dbz f kdk;rs Fkh] mls lcls cm+h f kdk;r ;g Fkh] fd Hkxoku us mls cgqr?kfv;k ftunxh nh FkhA mls ftunxh es dqn Hkh ugh feyka iwjh ftunxh og csyks dh rjg [ksrks es dke djrk jgk] mlus tks dqn Hkh dek;k lkjk isv Hkjus es yxk fn;k] u gh og dhkh vpns dim+s igu ik;k vksj u gh dhkh vius ifjokj dks vpnk [kkuk f[kyk ik;ka og tks Hkh dekrk Fkk] dksbz mlls og lkjs isls ys ysrk Fkk vksj mlds gkfk dhkh dqn ugh vk;ka mlus ges kk tkuojks tslh ftunxh th FkhA og nwljs tue es,d,slk O;fDr cuuk pkgrk Fkk] ftls fdlh dks dqn nsuk u im+s ij mls pkjks rjq ls isls feyrs jgs A (iii) nwljs fdlku us Hkxoku ls vius fy, ;g ek xk fd dksbz O;fDr mlds }kj ls Hkw[kk&I;klk u tk,a mlus oklro es ;s lc vius fy, ugh nwljks ds fy, ek xk Fkk D;ksfd mls vius thou ls dksbz f kdk;r ugh FkhA mlds vuqlkj Hkxoku us mls lcdqn fn;k FkkA,d vpnk ifjokj fn;k Fkk] FkksM+h tehu nh Fkh] ftlij esgur ls dke dj mlus vius ifjokj dks,d [kq kgky thou fn;k] HkjisV Hkkstu fn;k] u dhkh og vksj u gh mldk ifjokj Hkw[kk lks;ka cl,d pht+ dh deh Fkh fd og vius njokts ij vk, Hkw[ks&I;kls yksxks dks dhkh&dhkh Hkkstu u gksus ds dkj.k [kkyh gkfk yksvk nsrk Fkk] bl pht dk mls viuh iwjh ftunxh vqlksl jgka (iv) nksuks fdlkuks dk tue iqu% mlh xk o es gqvka nksuks,d lkfk cm+s gq,a igyk O;fDr,d cgqr cm+k fhk[kkjh cuk D;ks fd mlus Hkxoku ls dgk Fkk fd mls pkjks rjq ls /ku feys vksj mls fdlh dks dqn nsuk u im+sa vc mls fdlh dks dqn nsuk ugh im+rk Fkk vksj tks dksbz Hkh mlds ikl vkrk] mldh >ksyh es isls Mkydj gh tkrk FkkA (v) nwljk O;fDr ml xk o dk lcls vehj vkneh cuka mls vius fy, dqn ugh pkfg, FkkA og rks Hkw[ks&I;kls yksxks dh enn djuk pkgrk FkkA og ugh pkgrk Fkk fd dksbz mlds }kj ls dhkh Hkw[kk&I;klk yksv tk,a vc vehj cudj og viuh bl ijekfkz o`fùk dks iwjk dj ik,xk vksj mls bl ckr dk eyky u gksxk fd og t:jren dh enn ugh dj ik;ka bl x k k ls ges ;g f k{kk feyrh gs fd thou es [kq k jgus ds fy, lrqf"v dk gksuk cgqr t+:jh gsa bz oj us ges tks fn;k gs] mlls T;knk ds fy, nwljks ls viuh rqyuk ugh djuh pkfg, oju~ bz oj dk kqøxqt+kj gksuk pkfg,a thou es vpnh lksp ykuh gksxh] nwljks dh dfe;k <w <us dh ctk; mudh vpnkb;k ns[kuh gksxha nwljks ds izfr lsok Hkkouk j[kuh gksxha ftl fnu gekjk thou thus dk ut+fj;k cnysxk] ml fnu thou es u, jx f[ky mbsxsa 8

14 Question 3 () (b) Correct the following sentences nd rewrite: fueufyf[kr okd;ks dks kq) djds fyf[k,: (i) ;ke rsth ls nksm+rk gsa (ii) og esjs kcnks ij /;ku ugh nsrka (iii) mlus xhr dh nks&pkj yfm+;k xkbz A (iv) gr;kjs dks e`r;qn.m dh ltk feyh A (v) ge gekjs ns k ds fy, tku ns nsxsa Use the following idioms in sentences of your own to illustrte their mening:- fueufyf[kr eqgkojks dks okd;ks es iz;qdr dhft,%& (i) gkfk rx gksuka (ii) pqyyw Hkj ikuh es Mwc ejuka (iii) vkleku flj ij mbkuka (iv) dku HkjukA (v) b/kj&m/kj dh gk duka ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko () (i) vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks dk mùkj lgh FkkA ijh{kkffkz;ks dks O;kdj.k ds fu;eks dk mfpr Kku ns] mugs vyx&vyx rjg (ii) kcnks dk mfpr Kku u gksus ds dkj.k esjs kcnks dh v kqf);ks ls ifjfpr djk, A lkk] dh txg esjh&ckrks@ckr dk lgh iz;ksx ugh lozuke] fyx] opu] fø;k] iqujko`fùk dj ik,a (b) (iii) (iv) (v) yfm+;k dh txg fy[kus dh ctk; vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us ykbzus kcn dk iz;ksx fd;ka iqu:fdr nks k dks u le> ikus ds dkj.k dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us e`r;qn.m vksj ltk nksuks kcnks dk iz;ksx fd;ka oùkzuh dh v kqf);k Hkh FkhA gekjs dh txg vius kcn dk iz;ksx dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us ugh fd;ka eqgkojks ds vfkz dk Kku u gksus ds dkj.k dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us eqgkojks dk lgh iz;ksx dj okd; ugh cuk,%& (i) gkfk rx gksuk dks vkffkzd rxh ds :i es u ysdj vu; vfkz es fy;k x;ka [5] [5] lecu/kh v kqf);ks dk lrr~ vh;kl djok, vksj vuqlokj] ek=kvks rfkk oùkzuh dh Hkh tkudkjh vo ; ns ftlls okd; nks k ls cpk tk lds,o mudk ifjektzu fd;k tk ldsa ijh{kkffkz;ks ls eqgkojks ls lecfu/kr vyx&vyx xfrfof/k;k djok, A ikb es vk, eqgkojks dks js[kkfdr djus ds fy, dgs rkfd mugs eqgkojks ds vfkz] muds lunhkz rfkk okd; xbu dk Kku gks ldsa eqgkojs ds kkfcnd vfkz ij u tkdj mlds fo ks k vfkz dks le>kus dk ekxzn kzu djsa oùkzuh rfkk vuqlokj lecu/kh v kqf);ks dks fyf[kr vh;kl }kjk lq/kkjus dk iz;kl djsa 9

15 (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) nwljs eqgkojs dk okd; es iz;ksx lgh Fkk ij oùkzuh lecu/kh v kqf);k FkhA vkleku flj ij mbkuk dks Hkh kksj epkus ds vfkz es u ysdj xqlls ds vfkz es fy;k x;ka dku Hkjuk eqgkojs dk iz;ksx lvhd FkkA ;gk fn, x, eqgkojs dks db;ks us Mhxs gk dus ds vfkz es fy[kka vuqlokj,o oùkzuh dh v kqf);k FkhA Question 3 vd ;kstuk () (i) ;ke rst nksm+rk gsa (ii) og esjh ckrks ij /;ku ugh nsrka (iii) mlus xhr dh nks&pkj dfm+;k xkbza (iv) gr;kjs dks e`r;qn.m feyka (v) ;k gr;kjs dks e`r;q dh ltk feyha ge vius ns k ds fy, tku ns nsxsa (b) (i) gkfk rx gksuk ifr dh uksdjh tkus ds ckn ls ;kek ds gkfk cgqr rx gsa (ii) pqyyw Hkj ikuh es Mwc ejuk,d cgknqj firk ds csvs gksdj rqe dk;jks dh lh ckrs djrs gks] rqegs rks pqyyw Hkj ikuh es Mwc ejuk pkfg,a (iii) vkleku flj ij mbkuk firk ds?kj ls tkrs gh cppks us vkleku flj ij mbk fy;ka (iv) dku Hkjuk gekjh im+ksflu esjs f[kykq esjh ek ds dku Hkjrh jgrh gsa (v) b/kj&m/kj dh gk duk jes k dks dksbz dke ugh] flqz b/kj&m/kj dh gk ddj viuk le; u"v djrk gsa 10

16 SECTION B PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOKS 50 Mrks Answer four questions from this Section on t lest three of the prescribed textbooks. x ldyu (Gdy Snkln) Question 4 ÞtSls Hkh gks] bl ckj csvw dks vius lkfk ysdj gh tkuk gksxka ;gh gky jgk rks bldh ftnxh pksiv gks tk,xha ;g Hkh dksbz <x gs HkykAß (i) mdr dfku dksu] fdlls vksj fdl lnhkz es dg jgk gs \ [1½] (ii) Jksrk mdr dfku lqudj /kez&ldv es D;ks Fkk \ [3] (iii) csvw ds vk tkus ls veek dk thou fdl rjg chrrk Fkk \ [3] (iv) ^etcwjh^ dgkuh ds ek/;e ls dgkuhdkjk ikbdks dk /;ku fdl vksj vk V dj jgh gs\ [5] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k (i) (ii) bles ijh{kkffkz;ks us ^dksu^ iz u dk mùkj Bhd fn;k ijurq ^fdlkls^ kcn dks veek ds lkfk tksm+k tks fd fcydqy xyr Fkk] ftlds dkj.k lunhkz Hkh xyr gks x;ka ^dksu^ /kezldv es Fkk] bles Hkh dbz ijh{kkffkz;ks us veek dks /kezldv es fn[kk;ka ftlus jkes oj fy[kk] mugks us rdz Hkh lgh fn,a ftugksus ik= dk uke gh xyr fy[k fn;k] mudk lunhkz Hkh xyr gks x;ka (iii) vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj lrks k tud fy[kka dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us iz u dks Bhd ls u i<+us ds dkj.k ^csvw ds vk tkus ds^ LFkku ij ^csvw ds tkus^ ij veek ds thou ij D;k izhkko im+k dk mùkj fy[kk] tks fd xyr FkkA (iv) bl iz u ds mùkj es vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us lns k es flqz,d i{k dks gh fy[kka tsls%& ik=ks dh etcwfj;ks ds ckjs es fy[kk vksj nknh veek dk,dkdhiu] mudh O;Fkk] viuks ls nwj jgus dh ihm+k] nksuks ihf<+;ks dh lksp dk vurj] nknh veek ds vur}zu} ds ckjs es ugh fy[kk ^dqn us dgkuh dk lkj fy[kk^a 11 v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko lunhkz Li V djus ds fy, iwjs ikb ls lizlx iz uksùkj djokus pkfg, ftlls odrk] Jksrk rfkk lunhkz dh igpku ijh{kkfkhz dj lds A olrqfu B iz uks ds mùkj lvhd gksus pkfg,a bldk vh;kl gksuk pkfg,a v/;kid cgqr gh ckjhdh ls dgkuh le>k, ] ftlls ijh{kkffkz;ks dks lunhkz rfkk kcnks ds vfkz le>us es dfbukbz u gksa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks dgkuh ibu ds fy, izsfjr djuk pkfg, rfkk eq[;&eq[; rf;ks ij izdk k Mkyuk pkfg,] ftlls mugs mùkj fy[kus es fdlh rjg dh dfbukbz u vk,a blls mudk oùkzuh nks k Hkh nwj gksxka ledkyhu ifjflfkfr;ks ls Hkh ijh{kkffkz;ks dks voxr djkuk pkfg, ftlls os dgkuh dh izklfxdrk dks le> lds A Hkkx&nkSM+ Hkjh ftunxh es fj rks ds egùo,o ikfjokfjd ewy;ks dh vgfe;r ij Hkh /;ku vkdf kzr djkuk pkfg,a mís ;@lns k@f k{kk ;s rhuks Li V gksus pkfg,a

17 Question 4 vd ;kstuk (i) mdr ifdr jek vius ifr jkes oj ls dg jgh gsa nwljh ckj tc jek vius ifr jkes oj ds lkfk xk o vkrh gs vksj csvw dh pky&<ky vksj O;ogkj dks ns[kdj mls fpurk gksrh gs mls csvw es,d Hkh vpnh vknr fn[kkbz ugh nsrh] mls,slk yxrk gs fd ;gk xk o es jgdj csvw dk Hkfo"; fcxm+ tk,xk] blfy, og,slk dgrh gsa (ii) Jksrk jkes oj /kezldv es Fkk D;ksfd,d rjq mldh iruh csvw ds Hkfo"; ds fy, fpfurr Fkh blfy, mls xk o ls ys tkuk pkgrh Fkh A mls kgj ys tkdj i<+kbz&fy[kkbz vksj ogk ds rksj&rjhds fl[kkuk pkgrh FkhA nwljh vksj mldh ek Fkh tks,d iy Hkh csvw ds fcuk ugh jg ikrh FkhA mudk lkjk le; csvw dh ns[khkky es tkrk FkkA os HkkoukRed :i ls csvw ls tqm+ xbz FkhA blfy, csvw dks ;gk ls ys tkus dh ckr lqudj mudh Hkkoukvks dks Bsl igq prh FkhA bl dkj.k jkes oj /kezldv es Fkk fd fdldk lkfk ns D;ks fd nksuks gh viuh&viuh txg ij lgh FkhA mls nksuks dh ckrks es lkj utj vkrk FkkA og u rks veek dk fny nq[kkuk pkgrk Fkk vksj u gh csvw ds Hkfo"; ds fy, jek dh ckr dks Vkyuk pkgrk Fkk blfy, lkjh ckr jek ij NksM+dj og vdsyk gh cecbz pyk x;ka (iii) csvw ds vk tkus ls veek ds f kffky vksj uhjl thou es u;k mrlkg Hkj x;k Fkk D;ks fd veek?kj es vdsyh jgrh Fkh] csvk&cgw cecbz pys x, Fks vksj ifr lkjk fnu vks"k/kky; es jgrs FksA vc csvw dh lsok es mudk lkjk fnu xqtjrka os le; ij csvw dks nw/k fiykrh A muds,dkdh thou es le; dk dksbz egùo ugh Fkk ijurq csvw ds dkj.k vks"k/kky; ls ykdj?km+h?kj es yxkbz xbz rkfd le; ij csvw dks nw/k fiyk;k tk ldsa veek dk lkjk le; csvw dks f[kykus&fiykus vksj uksu&jkbz djus es chrrka?kqvuks ds nnz ds dkj.k dgk og vius kjhj dk cks s> ugh lhkky ikrh vksj dgk vc csvw dks ykns fqjrh Fkh A kke dks mlds lkfk vk [k&fepksuh [ksyrh] csvw dk?kksm+k cudj vk xu es nksm+rh fqjrha [kkuk og nknh veek ds gkfk ls gh [kkrk vksj lkjk fnu pjrk jgrk Fkk] jkr dks lksrk rks nknh ek ds nksuks vxwbs idm+dj lksrk vksj tc rd nknh veek mls yksjh ugh lqukrh mls uhn ugh vkrh FkhA csvw us muds,dkdh thou es jx Hkj fn;k FkkA (iv) etcwjh dgkuh ds ek/;e ls euuw Hk.Mkjh th us lhkh ik= dh etcwfj;ks dks fn[kkus dh dksf k k dh gsa jkes oj dk viuh uksdjh ds dkj.k ek ls nwj jguk rfkk gj lky mlls feyus ds fy, u vk ikuk] mldh etcwjh FkhA ek ds csvw ds izfr vlhe nqykj ls mlds Hkfo"; dks fcxm+rk ns[k mls vius lkfk ys tkuk jek dh etcwjh Fkh vksj nknh veek dh ;s etcwjh Fkh fd os le; dh xfr ds lkfk ugh py ik jgh FkhA o`)k nknh ds vdsysiu dks fn[kkdj dgkuhdkjk ;s crkuk pkgrh gs fd,dkdhiu cm+k gh nq%[knk;h gksrk gsa ;gk nks ihf<+;ks dh lksp ds vurj dks Hkh Li"V fd;k x;k gs] dgkuhdkj us ikfjokfjd foo krk dks lkeus j[kdj ;s lns k fn;k gs fd ges viuh losnukvks ij dkcw j[kuk pkfg,a dgkuh dk mís ; flqz vkuun iznku djuk gh ugh oju~ lkekftd,o ikfjokfjd fgr ds fy, tkx:drk dk lns k nsuk Hkh gsa 12

18 Question 5 ÞEysPNks us eq>s eqyrku dh ywv es idm+ fy;ka es mudh dbksjrk es thfor jgdj cjkcj mudk fojks/k gh djrh jghaß dfku ds vk/kkj ij bjkorh dh O;Fkk dk o.kzu djrs gq, mldk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,a ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k cgqr gh de ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj fn;ka dqn us flqz dgkuh fy[k nh] dqn us bjkorh dk pfj= fp=.k fd;k ij O;Fkk ugh fy[kh] dqn us O;Fkk fy[kh] rks pfj= fp=.k ugh fd;ka Question 5 vd ;kstuk v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko [12½] ijh{kkffkz;ks dks le>k, fd lcls igys iz u ds fofhkuu igyqvks dks le>s] mugs js[kkfdr djs] mlds ckn mùkj ds vuqlkj tks ckrs visf{kr gs] ogh fy[ksa pfj= fp=.k dh ksyh ds ckjs es crk, ] ikb ls mn~/k`r ifdr;ks dks fy[kus dk vh;kl djk, A Jh t; kdj izlkn }kjk fyf[kr ^nklh* dgkuh,sfrgkfld i` "BHkwfe ij vk/kkfjr gsa cyjkt vksj bjkorh bl dgkuh ds izeq[k ik= gs A nksuks,d&nwljs ls I;kj djrs gs] og cyjkt dh okxnùkk iruh gs ysfdu dxkyh ds dkj.k nksuks dk fookg ugh gks ikrk gsa cyjkt bjkorh dks opu nsrk gs fd og ym+kbz es tk,xka lqyrku dh ywv es ls tks lksus&pk nh dh <sjh feysxh mlls og vehj gks tk,xk vksj bjkorh ls C;kg dj ysxka dgkuh ds vkjhk es gh og fqjkstk dks dgrk gs fd lqyrku us flytwdks ls gkj tkus ij rqdz vksj fgunqvks dks uksdjh ls fudky fn;k gsa blh vieku ds dkj.k og vkregr;k djus tk jgk Fkk] rc fqjkstk mls ejus ls cpkrh gs vksj cyjkt dks bjkorh ls feyus dks dgrh gsa og dgrh gs ßcyjkt! u tkus D;ks es rqegs ejus ugh nsuk pkgrh] og rqegkjh jkg ns[krh gqbz dgh th jgh gks] rcaþ cyjkt ds eu es,d meehn dh fdj.k txrh gsa og bjkorh dks,d ckj ns[kuk pkgrk gsa Hkxoku ds lkeus flj >qdkdj,d ckj bjkorh ds n kzu Hkj dj ysus dh izkfkzuk djrk gsa izkfkzuk djds tsls gh mlus flj mbk;k rks ns[kk lkeus,d L=h dks ks; olu igus gkfk es Qwyks ls lth Mkyh fy, tk jgh FkhA cyjkt us mls vkfyxu es ysuk pkgka bjkorh us mls Vksd fn;k vksj cksyh ßcyjkt! rqe esjh j{kk ugh dj lds] es vkrrk;h ds gkfk ls dyfdr dh xbza fqj rqe eq>s iruh&:i es dsls xzg.k djksxs \Þ bjkorh dk thou cm+s l?k"kksz es chr jgk FkkA og vius pfj= dh j{kk u dj ldha blfy, og vc cyjkt ds lkfk Hkh ugh tkuk pkgrh FkhA bjkorh cyjkt dks vius Åij gq, vu;k; dh dgkuh lqukrh gs ßeS Øhr nklh gw A EysPNks us eq>s eqyrku dh ywv es idm+ fy;ka es mudh dbksjrk es thfor jgdj cjkcj mudk fojks/k djrh jgha fur; dksm+s yxrs] ck /kdj es yvdkbz tkrh] fqj Hkh es vius gb ls u fmxhaþ bjkorh ds bl dfku ls irk pyrk gs] fd mles lkgl o vkrefo okl dwv&dwv dj Hkjk Fkk] ysfdu og vlgk; o cscl FkhA mls,d fnu duukst ds pksjkgs ij ik p lks fnje es dk kh ds,d lsb ds gkfkks csp fn;k x;ka mlus fy[kdj fn;k fd og bl?kj dk dqfrlr ls dqfrlr dez djsxh vksj dhkh fonzksg u djsxha u dhkh Hkkxus dh ps"vk djsxha mlus flj ij r`.k j[kdj vius dks cspus dh Lohd`fr nh gsa 13

19 bjkorh vius ekfyd ds izfr oqknkj cuh jgha mlus viuh krksz ds vk/kkj ij vius kjhj ij lc izdkj dh ;kruk, lgha cyjkt dks bjkorh dk O;ogkj cm+k :[kk lk yxk ij bjkorh etcwj FkhA og viuh krksz ds cu/ku es c /kh gqbz FkhA og pkgrh Fkh fd cyjkt mls Hkwy tk, D;ksfd vc og mlds ;ksx; ugh jgha bjkorh Li"Voknh gsa og LokFkhZ ugh gsa Li"V kcnks es cyjkt dks vius fo"k; es lc dqn crk nsrh gsa vur es tkvks dh fot; gqbza cyjkt dk Hkkyk vgen dh Nkrh ds ikj gks x;ka bl ;q) es cyjkt Hkh?kk;y gks x;ka rc bjkorh us?kk;y ewfpnzr cyjkt dk flj viuh xksn es ysdj mls ty fiyk;ka ty ihrs gh cyjkt cksyk ßbjkorh] vc es u e: xkaþ cyjkt tkvks dk ljnkj cuk vksj bjkorh jkuha bl izdkj bjkorh ds nq%[kks dk vur gqvka Question 6 ÞxkSjh,d pfj= iz/kku dgkuh gsaß dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij xksjh dh ns khkfdr,o R;kx dk o.kzu djrs gq, crkb, fd xksjh dk ;ksxnku lhrkjke th dh rqyuk es dgh de ugh FkkA ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko [12½] vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dks p;fur dj mùkj fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;ka tgk dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us lrqf Vtud mùkj fy[ks] rks dqn us xksjh dk pfj=&fp=.k djrs gq, flqz leiw.kz ikb dk lkj gh fy[k fn;ka xksjh dk ns khkfdr rfkk R;kx ds o.kzu ij T;knk izdk k ugh Mkyk tks fd iz u dk ewy vx FkkA blds vfrfjdr ns khkfdr rfkk R;kx es xksjh rfkk lhrkjketh dk rqyukred o.kzu Hkh dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us ugh fd;ka mùkj fy[kus es oùkzuh rfkk ek=k lecu/kh&v kqf);k Hkh FkhA Question 6 vd ;kstuk ijh{kkffkz;ks dks ikb dks ckj&ckj i<+dj mls vkrelkr djus ds fy, dgs A os iz u dh Hkk kk le>sa mugs crk;k tk, fd ikb dk lkjk k gh fdlh iz u dk mùkj ugh gksrka iz u ds gj Hkkx dks le>dj mlds vuqlkj mùkj fy[kus dk vh;kl djkuk pkfg,a iz u dk ewydfkk D;k gs\ bls le>uk Hkh cgqr t:jh gsa xksjh,o lhrjke th us ns k ds fy, D;k R;kx fd;k vksj fdl rjg xksjh dk R;kx lhrkjke th ds R;kx ds lkeus fdlh ek;us es de ugh Fkk] bl ckr ij fo ks k ppkz djuh pkfg,] ;s Hkh mugs le>kuk pkfg,a fgunh dh lqizfl) dof;=h,o ysf[kdk lqhknzk dqekjh pksgku }kjk fyf[kr ^xksjh*,d pfj= iz/kku HkkoukRed dgkuh gs] ftldh i`"bhkwfe es Hkkjrh; Lor=rk vkunksyu dh vuqxw t lqukbz im+rh gsa lr;kxzg vkunksyu dh ygj lkjs ns k es cm+h rsth ls QSy jgh FkhA vxzst vr;kpkj vksj neu dk lgkjk ysdj kgj& kgj es fxj rkfj;k rst+ dj jgs FksA ljdkj ns k&hkdr Lor=rk lsukfu;ks dks ltk ns jgh FkhA ns k es /kkjk 144 ykxw dj nh xbz FkhA xk /khth ds usr`ro es ns ko;kih vkunksyu rst+h ls c<+ jgk FkkA ns koklh c<+&p<+dj fgllk ys jgs FksA 14

20 lhrkjke th Hkh,d,sls gh ^ns khkdr Fks] tks dbz ckj tsy tk pqds Fks vksj vkxs Hkh tkus dh lhkkouk FkhA muds nks NksVs&NksVs cpps FksA cppks dh ek dk nsgkur gks pqdk FkkA os vius cppks dh ijofj k ds fy, gh nwljk fookg djuk pkgrs FksA mugs vius fy, iruh dh ugh cfyd cppks ds fy,,d nkbz pkfg, FkhA jk/kkd`".k th viuh muuhl o"khz;k csvh&xksjh ds fy, gh lhrkjke th dks ns[kdj vk, FksA mugs lhrkjke th xksjh ds fy, mi;qdr oj ugh yxsa,d rks mudh mez lky Fkh] ru[okg Hkh cgqr de Fkh vksj ns[kus es cgqr lk/kkj.k&ls yxrs FksA os lhkk es O;k[;ku nsus yk;d rks Fks ij fdlh ds?kj nwygk cudj tkus yk;d ugh Fks vksj mudh Hkys nwljh kknh gks ij xksjh dh ;g igyh kknh FkhA xksjh vr;ur foosdh FkhA mls vpns&cqjs dh igpku FkhA og lhrkjke th dh ns khkfdr,o lknxh ds fo"k; es tkudj eu gh eu mugs viuk ifr eku ysrh gsa mlds eu es ns khkdr] R;kxh ohjks ds fy, cm+k leeku FkkA ; fi mlds firk us mldk fj rk lhrkjke th ds lkfk u dj,d uk;c rglhynkj ls r; dj fn;k rfkkfi lhrkjke th dks ;kn djrs gh xksjh dk ekfkk J)k ls >qd tkrk FkkA mls vius gksus okys ifr ds ckjs es lksp dj gh?k`.kk gksrh FkhA D;ksfd os vxzstks dh th gtwjh djrs FksA xksjh dk ekuuk Fkk fd lhrkjke th Hkh ch-,- ikl djus ds ckn uk;c rglhynkj cu ldrs Fks ij mugksus vxzsth ljdkj dh xqykeh u djus oju~ ns k dks xqykeh ls eqdr djus dk l?k"kze;h jklrk pquka xksjh dùkzo;fu"b ;qorh gs lkfk gh FkksM+h gbh HkhA viuk dùkzo; fuf pr djus es mls t+jk Hkh le; ugh yxrk FkkA lhrkjke th dh fxj rkjh dh [kcj v[kckj es i<+rs gh og viuk dùkzo; fuf pr dj ysrh gs vksj rqjur gh dkuiqj tkdj lhrkjke th ds mu nks NksVs&NksVs I;kjs cppks dh ns[khkky dk fu.kz; dj ysrh gsa bu cppks ls mldk ifjp; ml le; gqvk Fkk tc os vius firk ds lkfk viuh ubz ek ;kfu xksjh dks ns[kus ds fy, muds?kj vk, FksA ^^,d foyklh ;qod dh iruh cuus dh ctk; mlus bu nks Hkksys&Hkkys cppks dh ek cuuk Lohdkj dj u flqz vius okrly; Hkko dk ifjp; fn;k oju~ ;g Hkh Li"V dj fn;k fd fookg,o foykflrk mlds thou dk y{; ugh gsa xksjh R;kx dh ewjr gsa uk;c rglhynkj ls fookg dj mls [kwc /ku&nksyr feyrh ij mlus ml lc dks R;kxdj cm+s gh lkgl ds lkfk dkuiqj tkdj mu cppks dh ijofj k dh vksj mudh dq kyrk dk lekpkj gj eghus dkjkokl es lhrkjke th dks fhktokrh jgh rkfd os fuf pr gksdj ns k ds fy, viuk ;ksxnku ns ldsa ltk iwjh djds tc lhrkjke th vius?kj es vk,] rks lkeus xksjh dks ns[kdj vk p;zpfdr jg x,] xksjh us vkxs c<+dj mudh ix/kwfy vius ekfks ls yxkdj mugs viuk ifr Lohdkj dj fy;ka xksjh ds ek/;e ls ysf[kdk lqhknzkdqekjh pksgku us Lok/khurk vknksyu ds fnuks dh Hkkjrh; ukjh dh dùkzo;ijk;.krk dk vkn kz fp= [khpk gsa mudk ekuuk Fkk fd gj O;fDr vkt+knh dh ym+kbz es vius <x ls ;ksxnku ns ldrk gsa ftl rjg xksjh us,d ns khkdr] Lor=rk lsukuh ds cppks dh ek cudj mugs x`glfkh dh fteesnkfj;ks ls eqdr dj] vius dk;z{ks= es Lor= :i ls dk;z djus dk volj nsdj tks R;kx fd;k gs og fdlh ek;us es ;q)hkwfe es fd, x, R;kx ls de ugh gsa vr% xksjh ds ljkguh; R;kx] mlds lkgl] mldh ns khkfdr,o dùkzo;fu"bk dk ewy; lhrkjke th ds ;ksxnku ls de ugh vk dk tk ldrka 15

21 Question 7 dko; etjh (Kvy Mnjri) D;k gok, Fkh fd mtm+k I;kj dk og vkf k;kuk] dqn uk vk;k dke rsjk] kksj djuk xqy epkuk] ekuk fd mu kfdr;ks ds lkfk pyrk tksj fdldk fdurq,s fuekz.k ds izfrfuf/k] rq>s gksxk crkuk tks cls gs] oks mtm+rs gs] fqj clkuk dc euk gs \ gs v /ksjh jkr ij nhok tykuk dc euk gs \ (i) izlrqr i k k ds dfo rfkk dfork dk uke fyf[k,a ;g fdl izdkj dh dfork gs\ [1½] (ii) ^I;kj dk vkf k;kuk^ dsls mtm+ x;k \ euq ; dk kksjxqy epkuk dke D;ks ugh vk;k\ [3] (iii) ^fuekz.k ds izfrfuf/k^ fdls dgk x;k gs vksj D;ks \ ^iz fr dk tm+ fu;e^ D;k gs\ le>kb,a (iv) izlrqr dfork ls dfo D;k luns k nsuk pkgrk gs \ le>kdj fyf[k,a [5] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k (i) vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us dfo rfkk dfork dk uke lgh fy[kk] ijurq fdl izdkj dh dfork gs crkus es dqn us =qfv dha (ii) izk;% ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj lgh fy[kka dqn us dfo ds thou ls tksm+dj ckr Li V dh vksj dqn us dfork ds kkfcnd vfkz ls tksm+dj mùkj fy[kka dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us ^ kksjxqy epkuk dke D;ks ugh vk;k^ dk lgh mùkj ugh fy[kka (iii) bl iz u ds igys fglls es ^fuekz.k dk izfrfuf/k^ bz oj fy[kka ftugksus ^euq ;^ dks fuekz.k izfrfuf/k crk;k] mudk D;ks\ dk mùkj Hkh lgh jgka (iv) bl iz u ds mùkj es ijh{kkffkz;ks us luns k vpnh rjg ls Li V fd;ka flqz dqn us ckr iwjh rjg Li V ugh dha os,d gh ckr dks ckj&ckj nqgjkrs jgs tcfd iz u dh ek x ds vuqlkj de&ls&de rhu&pkj ckrs vkuh pkfg, FkhA v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ibu&ikbu ds nksjku v/;kidks dks ikb ds ewy df; ij fo ks k tksj nsuk pkfg,a dfo ds thou,o muds lkfgfr;d ifjp; ij Hkh ppkz djuh gsa dfork dk Hkko igys crk;k tk;] fqj ljykfkz crk;k tk;a Dfork dh O;k[;k lunhkz lfgr djus ij blds kkfcnd,o xw<+kfkz nksuks ls ifjfpr gksdj ijh{kkfkhz lgh mùkj fy[k ik, xsa v/;kid ijh{kkffkz;ks dks fuekz.k dk izfrfuf/k rfkk fuekz.k dùkkz dk vurj le>k, ] rks kk;n bl rjg dh v kqf);k mùkj fy[kus es ugh gksxha v/;kid ;fn gj i k k ds lkfk luns k crk, xs ] rks ijh{kkffkz;ks ds ikl T;knk fcunq gksxs] viuh ckr Li V djus ds fy,a flqz dfork ds vur es mlls feyus okyh f k{kk ds ckjs es u crk, A [3] 16

22 Question 7 (i) (ii) vd ;kstuk izlrqr i k k gkykokn ds izoùkzd gfjo kjk; cppu }kjk jfpr dfork ^v/ksjs dk nhid* ls vorfjr gsa ;g,d vklfkkoknh@vk kkoknh ;k izsj.kknk;d dfork gsa tks ges gj ifjflfkfr es vkuunoknh] dezoknh,o izxfroknh cuus dk lns k nsrh gsa dfo dgrs gs fd rst gokvks ;k vk f/k;ks ds dkj.k I;kj dk vf k;kuk mtm+ x;ka euq"; dk kksj xqy epkuk blhfy, dke ugh vk;k D;ks fd izd`fr dh fouk kdkjh kfdr;ks ds vkxs fdlh dk o k ugh pyrka izd`fr es l`tu,o lgkj dk Øe pyrk gh jgrk gsa vr% ges tkus okys dh ;kn es fujk k] fuf"ø; gksdj ugh csb tkuk pkfg,a bl kk or~ lr; dks Lohdkj djus es gh gekjh HkykbZ gs fd ^vk;k gs lks tk,xk*] O;FkZ kksj epkus ls izd`fr ds fu;e ugh cnys tk ldrsa (iii) euq"; dks fuekz.k dk izfrfuf/k dgdj lecksf/kr fd;k x;k gs D;ks fd tc izd`fr] lc dqn rgl&ugl dj nsrh gs rks euq"; gh fqj ls lc dqn cukrk gs] l okjrk gsa euq"; vius iq#"kkfkz vksj lkef;z ls mtm+s gq, dks fqj ls clkrk gsa izd`fr dk tm+ fu;e ;gh gs fd tks clk gs og vo ; gh mtm+sxka bl llkj es izr;sd olrq u oj gsa fuekz.k ds ckn fouk k vksj iqu% fuekz.k dk Øe pyrk jgrk gsa euq ; dks ;g kk or lr; le> dj ifjorzu ls fopfyr gksdj fujk k ugh gksuk pkfg,a mls ges kk vius dez ifk ij vxzlj jguk pkfg,a (iv) izlrqr dfork ds ek/;e ls dfo euq"; dks vk kkoknh,ok ldkjkred n`f"vdks.k ds lkfk thus dk lns k nsrs gsa lq[k&nq[k thou ds vfhkuu vx gs vksj le; ifjorzu khy gs] vr% foijhr ifjflfkfr;ks es grk k ugh gksuk pkfg,a ges kk vk kkoknh gksdj thuk pkfg,a foijhr ifjflfkfr;ks es?kcjkus dh ctk; euq"; dks fodyiks ij /;ku nsuk pkfg,a mnkgj.k ds fy, & dyiuk dk lqnj Hkou <gus ij kkfre; dqfv;k cukuk] jrutfm+r e/kqik= ds VwVus ij gkfkks dh vtfy ls I;kl cq>kuk] lkfkh ;k izs;lh ds pys tkus ij eu dk u;k ehr [kkstdj thou [kq kh ls] lrqf"v ls fcrkuka gj ifjflfkfr es euq"; dks ldkjkred Hkko ls izluu,o lrq"v jguk pkfg,a lq[k,o nq%[k nksuks Hkkoks dks leku :i ls Lohdkj djuk pkfg,a u rks lq[k es cgqr mùksftr gksuk pkfg, vksj u gh nq%[k es m}sfyr gksuk pkfg,a Question 8 ^,d Qwy dh pkg^ dfork ds ek/;e ls dfo fl;kjke kj.k xqirth us NqvkNwr tslh lkekftd dqjhfr ij dqbkjk?kkr fd;k gsa& fl) dhft,a [12½] 17

23 ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us i Hkkx es bl iz u dk mùkj izhkkoh <x ls fy[kka dfork dh ifdr;k mn~/k`r djrs gq, rfkk lkekftd dqjhfr;ks dks mtkxj djrs gq, HkyhHkk fr mùkj fy[kka ijurq dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us mùkj lgh fy[kk] dfork dh ifdr;k ugh fy[kha dqn us flqz dfork dk lkj fy[kdj j[k fn;k vksj lkekftd cqjkbz tsls & ^NqvkNwr^, efunjks es vnwrks ds izos k ij fu ks/k vkfn dk ftø ugh fd;ka dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us flqz,d i` B es gh lkjk mùkj fn;ka ek=kvks rfkk oùkzuh lecu/kh v kqf);k Hkh FkhA Question 8 vd ;kstuk v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ijh{kkffkz;ks dks nh?kz mùkjh; iz u fy[kus dk vh;kl djok;k tkuk pkfg,a fofhkuu lkekftd eqn~nks ij fopkj foe kz djuk pkfg, rkfd mudh lksp dks folrkj feys] ospkfjd {kerk dk fodkl gks ldsa dfork dh ifdr;ks dks Hkh dblfk djokus dk vh;kl djokuk pkfg,a ijh{kkffkz;ks dks Øeokj vdks ds fohkktu ds ckjs es Hkh crkuk pkfg, rkfd os iz u ds lhkh igyqvks ds ckjs es fy[k ldsa blds lkfk gh oùkzuh rfkk ek=k lecu/kh v kqf);ks dks Hkh lq/kkjus dk iz;kl djsa xk /khoknh fopkj/kkjk ds dfo fl;kjke kj.k xqirth us ^,d Qwy dh pkg* dfork es lkekftd cqjkbz NqvkNwr dk,d losnu khy fp= cm+s gh ekfezd vksj rkfdzd rjhds ls O;Dr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gsa viuh jpuk es mugksus ekuorkoknh Loj eq[kfjr fd;k gsa izlrqr dfork es s dfo us,d nfyr firk dh O;Fkk dks mhkkjk gs ftldh csvh egkekjh dh pisv es vk tkrh gs vksj mldk iwjk kjhj Toj ds rki ls rius yxrk gsa mldk Loj {kh.k gks tkrk gs rfkk kjhj vr;ur detksj im+us yxrk gsa,sls es lqf[k;k ¼csVh½ vius firk ls nsoh ds izlkn dk Qwy ykus ds fy, dgrh gsa ml le; Hkh mles,d Hk; lek;k yxrk gsa og lgeh gqbz vius firk ls Qwy ykus dk vkxzg djrh gsa ^^Toj es fog~oy gks cksyh og] D;k tku w fdl Mj&ls&Mj] eq>dks nsoh ds izlkn dk],d Qwy gh nks ykdja** bu ifdr;ks es ftl Mj dh ckr dh xbz gs og Mj mlh lekt dk gsa og NksVh&lh cpph Hkh lekt ds Mj dk f kdkj gs blhfy, rks og Mjrs gq, firk ls Qwy ykus dh ckr dgrh gsa bruk gh ugh firk viuh iq=h dh vfre bpnk iwjh djus ds fy, efnj tkrk gsa ogk tkdj og Hkh ek dk t;dkjk yxkrk gsa efnj es izos k Hkh djrk gsa iqtkjh mlds }kjk fn;s x, lkeku ls iwtk Hkh djrk gsa ysfdu nsoh ek ds n kzu ds ckn og bruk vkufnr gks tkrk gs fd izlkn ysuk Hkh Hkwy tkrk gsa mlh le; dksbz mls ogk igpku ysrk gs vksj vnwr dgdj cqykrk gsa yksx dgrs gs % ^^ikih us efnj es?kqldj fd;k vufkz cm+k Hkkjh] 18

24 dyqf"kr dj nh gs efnj dh] fpjdkfyd kqfprk lkjha** efnj es lhkh ;gh dgrs gs fd bl ikih us ;gk izos k djds cgqr cm+k vufkz dj fn;k gsa blds efnj es izos k djus ls o"kksz ls pyh vk jgh ifo=rk u"v gks xbza yksxks dh bu ckrks dks lqudj dfo mugs ;g crkuk pkgrk gs fd fdlh ds izos k ek= ls efnj dyqf"kr dsls gks ldrk gs \ dfo ml firk ds ek/;e ls lekt ds le{k,d cm+k gh Toyr iz u j[krk gs % ^^,s! D;k esjk dyq"k cm+k gs] nsoh dh xfjek ls Hkh \ fdlh ckr es gw es vkxs] ekrk dh efgek ds Hkh \** izkphu dky es fgunw /kez es vnwrks dh n kk cm+h n;uh; FkhA mudks lekt es cjkcjh dk ntkz gkfly u FkkA efunj es izos k dh vkkk mudks ugh FkhA osls rks dksbz vnwr efunj es tkrk ugh Fkk] ;fn dksbz pyk Hkh tk, vksj idm+k tk, rks mls,slh ltk nh tkrh Fkh fd dksbz Hkh nqckjk,slh fgeer u dj ldsa fl;kjke kj.k xqir us bl dko; es ihfm+rks ds izfr losnuk txkus dk iz;kl fd;k gs] dfo us ges tkfrxr] oxzxr] o.kzxr,o /kezxr HksnHkkoks ls Åij mbdj ekuorkoknh n`f"vdks.k viukus dh lh[k nh gsa dfork leiw.kz lekt ds nsoh&nsorkvks lecu/kh vo/kkj.kk ij Hkh iz u fpg~uk yxkrh gs rfkk lekt ds mu Bsdsnkjks ls loky djuk pkgrh gs fd tc lfo/kku us izr;sd ukxfjd dks leku vf/kdkj fn;k gs] rks mugs NqvkNwr tslh ckrks ds vk/kkj ij yksxks ds lkfk HksnHkko djus dk vf/kdkj fdlus fn;k \,slk djds os ekuoh; losnukvks,o ekuoh; lg;ksx dk yksi dj jgs gs rfkk,d,sls lekt dh ljpuk dj jgs gs tgk fodkl dh ckr rks nwj] ^olq/kso dqvqecde~* dh vo/kkj.kk dks Hkh yfttr fd;k tk jgk gsa firk dk viuh csvh rd nsoh ek dk Qwy u igq pk ikuk] mldh vfure bpnk iwjh u dj ikuk blh lkekftd cqjkbz ds dkj.k gqvka vr% vli` ;rk ;kfu NqvkNwr dk liw.kz uk k gksuk pkfg,a Question 9 ^vk% /kjrh fdruk nsrh gs^ dk ewy izfrik fyf[k,a izlrqr dfork }kjk dfo us D;k luns k fn;k gs\ ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko [12½] vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj vr;urk izhkko kkyh <x ls fy[kka dfork dh ifdr;ks dks mn~/k`r dj] lns k dks Li V djrs gq, cgqr vpns ls mùkj fy[kka dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us flqz dfork dk lkj fy[k fn;ka dfork dh ifdr;k Hkh ugh fy[kh rfkk lns k Hkh Li V ugh fd;ka dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us flqz lns k fy[kk vksj ewy izfrikn~; fy[kk gh ugha dfo ds eukshkkoks dks Bhd ls u le> ikus ds dkj.k mùkj es vko ;d fcunqvks dk vhkko jgka ek=kvks dh v kqf);k Hkh FkhA ijh{kkffkz;ks dks HkkSfrd lq[kks dh fujfkzdrk dks /;ku es j[krs gq, HkkokFkZ le>k;k tkuk pkfg,a ekuoh; ewy;ks,o vkn kksz ls ifjfpr djkuk pkfg,a blds fy, fofhkuu mnkgj.k fn, tkus pkfg,] vksj ijh{kkffkz;ks dh cksf)d {kerk dks c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg,a d{kk es ckj&ckj iz uks ij eksf[kd ppkz gksuh pkfg, rfkk lhkh 19

25 Question 9 vd ;kstuk fo kffkz;ks dh jk; yh tkuh pkfg, fd mùkj es fdu&fdu fcunqvks dk gksuk t:jh gsa dfork dh ifdr;k ;kn djokuk Hkh t:jh gsa ^Nk;kokn,o izxfrokn ds muuk;d*] ^dkseydkur inkoyh ds xk;d*] izd`fr ds lqdqekj dfo] ekuork ds vklfkkoku f kyih lqfe=kkunu ir th us viuh ^vk% /kjrh fdruk nsrh gs* dfork es ^jruizlfouh olq/kk dh iztuu {kerk dk cm+k gh lqunj fp=.k fd;k gs vksj cpiu dh uknkfu;ks dk ftø djrs gq, ges lgh cht cksus] ifjje ds egùo,o bl kk or lr; ls ifjfpr djk;k gs fd ge tslk cks, xs oslk gh Qy izkir djsxsa vfkkzr~ ;fn ge LokFkZ vksj ykshko k xyr cht cks, xs] rks ges dqn Hkh gkfly ugh gksxk ij ;fn ge lgh cht cks, xs] rks ges lgh Qly] lgh r`fir,o fo kq) vkuun feysxka* /kjrh jru izlfouh gs] ;g jruks dks tue nsus okyh gs ijurq euq"; LokFkZo k mles viuh r`".kk jksirk gs vksj viuh dkeuk dks lhprk gsa izlrqr dfork es dfo us cpiu es ykshko k èkjrh es isls cks fn, Fks ;g lkspdj fd blls islks ds I;kjs ism+ mxsxsa :i;ks dh Qly gksxh vksj os eksvs lsb cu tk, xs ij /kjrh ls,d Hkh vdqj u QwVk] rks dfo dks yxk fd /kjrh ctj gsa blds ckn yxhkx vk/kh krkcnh chr xbza dbz _rq, vkbz vksj xbz ij ctj /kjrh us,d Hkh islk u mxyka,d ckj fqj ls xgjs dkys&dkys ckny vkleku ij Nk, vksj /kjrh dks xhyk dj fn;ka feêh uje gks xbz FkhA dfo us dksrwgyo k feêh dqjsn dj?kj ds vk xu es lse ds cht cks fn,a ^^esus dksrwgyo k] vk xu ds dksus dh xhyh rg dks ;ks gh m xyh ls lgykdj ( cht lse ds nck fn, feêh ds uhps] Hkw ds vpy es ef.k&ekf.kd ck /k fn, gks]** dfo bl?kvuk dks fcydqy Hkwy x,a,d fnu l/;k ds le; Vgyrs gq, dfo dh utj lse ds chtks ls QwVs gq, vdqjks ij im+ha dfo mugs ns[k fole; ls Hkj mbsa mugs le> es ugh vk;k fd mugs D;k dgs \ dfo us ;gk vusd mieku fn, gs % ^^Nkrk dgw ;k fot; irkdk, thou dh ;k gfksfy;k [kksys Fks os uugh I;kjh&** dhkh os mugs v.ms rksm+dj fudys fpfm+;ks ds cpps dh rjg yxrs] tks i[k QSyk, vkleku es mm+us ds fy, rs;kj gks] rks dhkh os cksuh iyvu dh rjg fn[krs] tks vius NksVs&NksVs isj ivdrs gq, vkxs c<+ jgs gksa /khjs&/khjs ;s vdqj iùkks ls yndj >kfm+;k cu x,a dqn le; i pkr~ vk xu es lse dh csys QSy xbza vk xu es yxs ckm+s ds lgkjs os lks >juks ds leku Åij dh vksj c<+us yxha yrk, QSy xbz] mu ij NksVs&NksVs rkjks tsls Qwy f[kys] fqj Qfy;k yxh tks cgqr lkjh FkhA dfo dkqh le; rd lse dh Qfy;k rksm+rs vksj [kkrs jgsa vc mugs le> vk;k fd /kjrh ekrk vius iq=k dks fdruk nsrh gs fdurq cpiu es ykyp ds dkj.k dfo us bl rf; dks ugh le>k FkkA dfo dgrs gs & 20

26 ^jru izlfouh gs olq/kk] vc le> ldk gw A bles lpph lerk ds nkus cksus gs] bles tu dh {kerk ds nkus cksus gs] bles ekuo eerk ds nkus cksus gsaa dfo ges ;s lns k nsuk pkgrs gs fd ge ^^tslk cks, xs oslk gh ik,xsa** ges ykshk,o LokFkZ dk ifjr;kx dj /kjrh es mfpr cht cksus pkfg,a /kjrh ges gekjh vko ;drk ls vf/kd nsrh gsa /kjrh dks lekt dk izrhd ekudj dfo dgrs gs fd bles lpph lerk ds nkus cksus pkfg,a euq"; dh {kerk rfkk ekuo eerk ds nkus cksus pkfg, vfkkzr ges lerkewyd lekt dh LFkkiuk djuh pkfg,a ftlls lelr ekuo&tkfr dks cjkcjh dk ntkz izkir gksa dksbz NksVk&cM+k u gks] vehjh&xjhch dk vrj u gks] Å p&uhp dk HksnHkko u gksa dfo us ekuo thou dks /kjrh] euq"; ds ykyp dks vkkurk vksj vkkurk ls Hkjs O;fDrRo dks ckydks tslk crk;k gsa ;g fuf pr gs fd cht :ih ef.k;k cks, xs] rks lse :ih Qfy;k mxsxh rfkk eerk] lerk HkkbZpkjs ds cht ¼Hkko½ ;fn /kjrh es cks fn, tk, ] rks ekuork eqldqjk mbsxh] /kjrh dh /kwy ls lqugjh Qlys mriuu gksxh rfkk Je dh egùkk ls nlks fn kk, f[ky mbsxha ^ft;ks vksj thus nks* gh bl dfork dk lns k gsa Question 10 ^lkjk vkdk k^ (Sr Aksh) ßrwus eq>s cpk fy;k] ojuk lp dgrk gw fd ikxy gks tkrka rw ugh tkurk] gekjs?kj dh gkyr D;k gsaþ esjh le> es ugh vk jgk Fkk fd dsls viuh rkrk dks O;Dr d: A esjh vk [ks Hkj vkbza (i) miu;kl rfkk miu;kldkj dk uke fyf[k,a ;g fdl izdkj dk miu;kl gs\ [1½] (ii) mi;qzdr dfku dk odrk dksu gs \ odrk fdlds izfr vkhkkjh gs vksj D;ks\ [3] (iii) odrk us Jksrk ls fdrus #i;s m/kkj fy, vksj mu #i;ks ls fdlds fy, D;k [kjhnk\ mlds ckn odrk tc?kj igq pk rks?kjokyks dh D;k çfrfø;k gqbz \ (iv) Jksrk dk pfj= fp=.k dhft,a [5] [3] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k (i) miu;kl rfkk miu;kldkj dk uke lhkh ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh fy[kk ijurq & ^;g fdl izdkj dk miu;kl gs^ & bl ckr dk tokc dqn ijh{kkfkhz lgh ugh fy[k ik,a (ii) bl iz u ds mùkj es dfku ds odrk dk uke izk;% lhkh ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh fy[kka og fdlds izfr vkhkkjh gs] ;g Hkh lgh fy[kk ijurq ^D;ks^ dk mùkj dqn ijh{kkfkhz lgh ugh fy[k ik,a (iii) bl iz u ds izfke nks mihkkxks dk vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh mùkj fy[kk ijurq vfure mihkkx dk lgh v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko fdlh Hkh jpuk dks i<+kuk kq: djus ls iwoz jpukdkj,o mldh jpuk ds ckjs es ] mldh i` BHkwfe] ns kdky rfkk ifjos k ds ckjs es Hkh crk, A ;fn bu ckrks ij fo ks k cy fn;k tk,xk] rks ijh{kkfkhz Hkh bls Lej.k j[ksxsa ijh{kkffkz;ks dks izr;sd v/;k; dk leqfpr v/;;u djus dk funsz k ns rkfd gj,d?kvuk Øeokj rjhds ls ;kn jg ldsa tc rd izlx Li V 21

27 mùkj nsus es ;kfu?kjokyks dh izfrfø;k, fy[kus es vlefkz jgsa vf/kdk k ijh{kkfkhz bl iz u dk mùkj nsus es Hkzfer jgsa (iv) vf/kdrj ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj lgh fy[kk ijurq dqn ijh{kkfkhz gh fcunqokj :i es lej ds pfj=&fp=.k dk fo ys k.k lgh <x ls dj ldsa vu; lhkh us ifjpnsn ds :i es mùkj fy[kka dqn us lej dh txg f kjh k HkkbZ lkgc dk pfj= fp=.k fd;ka Question 10 vd ;kstuk ugh gksxk] rc rd ijh{kkfkhz lgh mùkj ugh fy[k ik, xsa miu;kl i<+krs le; eq[;?kvukvks dks js[kkfdr djok, A izr;sd?kvuk ls tqm+h ckrks dks vpnh rjg le>k, vksj bl ckr ds fy, ijh{kkffkz;ks dks izsfjr djs fd os izr;sd v/;k; es?kfvr?kvukvks dks /;ku ls i<+s vksj Lej.k j[ks ftlls os lgh &lgh mùkj fy[k lds A ijh{kkffkz;ks dks pfj= & fp=.k dh ksyh fl[kk, rkfd os ik=ks dh pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks dks,d fof k V ksyh ¼pfj= fp=.k dh ksyh½ es fy[k ik, A miu;kl ds lhkh ik=ks dh pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks ij fcunqokj ppkz d{kk es djsa (i) izlrqr ifdr;k ^lkjk vkdk k* miu;kl ls yh xbz gs] ftlds ys[kd jktsunz ;kno gsa ;g,d lkekftd,o ikfjokfjd miu;kl gs ftles,d fueue/;oxhz; ifjokj ds ;qod ds vflrro ds l?k"kz] l;qdr ifjokj dh ijs kkfu;ks,o vkffkzd rxh ls ifjokj es gksusokyh dyg dks fn[kk;k x;k gsa (ii) mi;qzdr dfku dk odrk lej gsa og vius fe= fnokdj ds izfr vkhkkjh gsa fnokdj us lej dks vius firk ds fe= ds fizfuvx izsl es uksdjh fnykbza ogk mls 75 #- ekfld ru[okg feysxha lqcg 5 ls 11 cts rd izsl e s izwq+ jhfmx dk dke djuk FkkA lej dks FkMZ b;j es izos k ysus ds fy, islks dh vko ;drk FkhA vr% ;g uksdjh ikdj og fnokdj dk vglkueun Fkk fd vc og fcuk fdlh ck/kk ds viuh vkxs dh i<+kbz iwjh dj ik,xka (iii) odrk ;kfu lej us Jksrk ;kfu fnokdkj ls chl #i;s m/kkj fy,a uksdjh feyus dh [kq kh es lej izhkk ds fy, mu m/kkj ds #i;ks ls,d lkm+h [kjhn dj ys tkrk gsa lej tc?kj igq prk gs rks mldh lkjh [kq kh xk;c gks tkrh gsa mlus lkspk HkkHkh vksj veek cqjk eku tk, xh blfy, og lkm+h veek dks ns nsrk gsa igys rks veek cgqr [kq k gksrh gsa ij tc dq oj crkrk gs fd ;g lkm+h izhkk ds fy, [kjhnh xbz gs] rc lej dks lkm+h okil djrs gq, cksyrh gs fd ftlds fy, yk;k gs mls gh ns nsa lej dks lkm+h okil ysuh im+ha vksj bl rjg mldk lkjk mrlkg vksj vkun lekir gks x;ka (iv) fnokdj lej dk fe= gsa mldh pkfjf=d fo ks krk, gs % fookfgr rfkk es/kkoh Nk= % fnokdj bvj dk,d es/kkoh Nk= gsa mldh kknh fdj.k uked ym+dh ls gqbz gsa vkn kz ifr % fnokdj,d vkn kz ifr gs tks viuh iruh fdj.k ds lq[k&nq[k dk /;ku j[krk gsa ek vksj iruh ds chp lrqyu cukdj pyrk gsa 22

28 fouksnh izñfr % og g leq[k LoHkko dk ;qod gsa vdlj lej dh lksp rfkk os k&hkw"kk dk et+kd mm+krk gsa lppk fe= % lej ds izfr izse og lgkuqhkwfr dh Hkkouk j[krk FkkA lej dks i<+kbz es enn djuk] vkffkzd lgk;rk nsuk rfkk uksdjh fnykuk mlds lpps fe= gksus dk izek.k gsa vkxs dh i<+kbz ds fy, lej dks c<+kok nsrk gsa vk/kqfud fopkjks okyk % vk/kqfud fopkjks okyk fnokdj fdj.k ds lkfk lekurkiw.kz O;ogkj djrk gs lej ds igukos ij O;X; djuk vksj :f<+oknh ekufldrk ls nwj og,d vkèkqfud ;qod gksus dk ifjp; nsrk gsa bl izdkj fnokdj,d vkn kz fe= dh Hkwfedk es ikbdks dks izhkkfor djrk gsa Question 11 ^lkjk vkdk k^ miu;kl ds vk/kkj ij lej ds ckcwth dk pfj=&fp=.k dhft,a [12½] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k Ckkcwth dk pfj= fp=.k vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh fy[kka mugks us mudh pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks ds lkfk miu;kl dh ifdr;k mn~/k`r dh ijurq dqn ijh{kkfkhz bl izz u dk lrks ktud mùkj ugh ns ik,a dqn us bl mùkj dks dgkuh dh rjg fy[kk] rks dqn us flqz rhu ;k pkj pkfjf=d fo ks krk, fy[kh] dqn us ik p fo ks krk, rks fy[kh ij mùkj ds fy, fu/kkzfjr kcn l[;k@ mùkj dh yeckbz de Fkh] dqn es fcunq rks ik p Fks ij mnkgj.kks dh deh FkhA v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ijh{kkffkz;ks dks le>k, fd ik=ks dk pfj=&fp=.k fdl izdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ik= es tks Hkh vpnkb;k vfkok cqjkb;k gks] mudk fcunqokj fp=.k djsa pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks ls lecfu/kr eq[; ifdr;ks dks js[kkfdr djok;sa ifdr;k miu;kl ls mn~/kr gks] mugs m)j.k fpºuks es fy[kk tkuk pkfg,a ek= lkj fy[kus ls ;k ek= ik p ;k Ng fo ks krk, fy[k nsus ls mùkj iw.kz ugh ekuk tkrk gs] mlls lecfu/kr izlx dk Hkh o.kzu gksuk pkfg,a Question 11 vd ;kstuk ^lkjk vkdk k* miu;kl es of.kzr ckcwth,d egroiw.kz ik= gs] ys[kd us mugs,d ijeijkoknh firk ds :i es fpf=r fd;k gsa os,d fueue/;oxhz; vhkkoxzlr ifjokj ds eqf[k;k gs ftudk x`glfk thou nq%[kh gsa?kj dh vkffkzd flfkfr vpnh u gksus ds dkj.k mudk Øks/kh LoHkko,o fpm+fpm+kiu fn[kkbz im+rk gsa ijeijk ds izfr vklfkkoku gksrs gq, Hkh os dgh&dgh le>ksrkoknh jos;k Hkh viukrs gsa izhkk dks ckj&ckj dgs tkus ij Hkh tc og inkz ugh djrh gs] rks os ifjflfkfr ls le>ksrk dj ysrs gsa ckcwth dh pkfjf=d fo ks"krk, bl izdkj gs % 23

29 lsokeqdr eqf[k;k & ckcwth ifjokj ds eqf[k;k gs tks lsokfuo`ùk gks pqds gs vksj mudh is ku 25 : eghuk gsa brus cms+ ifjokj dh lelr fteesnkfj;k mugh ds Åij gsa lsokeqdr gksus ds ckn Hkh os?kj es lcls T;knk dke djrs gsa ngst ykshkh & ckcwth ngst ykshkh gsa vius iq= s ds fookg es ngst dk ysu&nsu fd;k gsa lej dh kknh es eupkgk ngst u feyus ls os nq[kh FksA Øks/kh LoHkko & ckcwth vr;r Øks/kh LoHkko ds gsa muds Øks/k dk ifjp; miu;kl e s vusd LFkkuks ij fn[krk gsa lej muds Øks/k vksj fivkbz dk dbz ckj f kdkj curk gsa os izhkk ds Nr ij cky /kksus vksj nky chuus ij Hkh cgqr Øksf/kr gq, FksA okrly; Hkko & ckcwth ds vnj okrly; Hkko Hkh gs ftlds n kzu equuh ds llqjky tkus ds le; gksrs gsa izhkk tc u;h kknh djds vk;h vksj lej mlls ugh cksyrk Fkk rks ckcwth us izhkk ds fy, okrly; Hkko fn[kk;ka lej dks le>k;k fd ijk;s?kj rqegkjs gh cwrs ij rks ykbz gs cspkjha :f<+oknh & ckcwth :f<+oknh ekufldrk ls xzlr gsa os vius cppks dk de mez es fookg djkrs gs] equuh dh i<+kbz&fy[kkbz ij /;ku u nsdj mldh kknh djkuk] tcjnlrh mls okil llqjky Hkstuk] izhkk dks inkz djus ds fy, dguk] vkfn vusd mnkgj.k mudh :f<+okfnrk ds izek.k gsa yksd ykt dk Hk; & equuh dks ysdj tc yksx ckrs cukrs gs rks lekt ds Hk; ls mls okil llqjky Hkstus dk Hkjld iz;kl djrs gsa izhkk ls lej dh ckrphr u gksus ij Hkh lej dks yksd funk dh ckr le>krs gsa blls irk pyrk gs fd ckcwth dks yksd&ykt dh fprk gsa Hkkoqd,o losnu khy firk & tc equuh vius ifr ds lkfk llqjky tkus ls euk djrh gs] rks os Hkkoqd gksdj mls xys ls yxkdj?kvks jksrs jgrs gsa ckcwth ds vd[km+iu ds Hkhrj,d Hkkoqd firk Hkh FkkA lej dks izhkk ls ckr djus ds fy, le>kuk] cms+s csvs /khjt ds dke dh ljkguk djuk bldk izek.k gsa kdkyq izo`fr & ckcwth es,d deh Fkh fd os tynh gh fdlh ds cgdkos es vkdj HkM+d tkrs FksA lej ds veek ls lkm+h ek xus ds Øe es os veek ds dgus ij lej dks tks: dk xqyke dg nsrs gs vksj tyrh vk [kk s ls HkM+drs gq, mls ns[krs gsa ifjokj ds izfr fpurkxzlr & ckcwth dh lcls egùoiw.kz,o ldkjkred izo`fùk ;g Fkh fd os ifjokj dh fpurk djrs FksA os ckj&ckj lej dks dke djus dh izsj.kk nsrs gs rkfd?kj dh vkffkzd flfkfr lq/kjs vksj /khjt ij gh lkjs?kj dk cks> u gksa bl izdkj ckcwth mi;qzdr fo ks"krkvks ls ;qdr,d izhkko kkyh ik= ds :i es izlrqr gksrs gsa Question 12 ^lkjk vkdk k^ jktsunz ;kno }kjk fyf[kr,d mìs ;iw.kz jpuk gsa^& miu;kl ds vk/kkj ij bl dfku dh O;k[;k dhft,a [12½] 24

30 [ ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k dqn gh ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk le;d mùkj fn;ka vu; lhkh ds mùkj lkeku; jgsa ys[kd dh lksp ls rknkre; LFkkfir u dj ikus vfkok HkyhHkk fr v/;;u u dj ikus ds dkj.k ijh{kkfkhz miu;kl ds mís ; dks HkyhHkk fr le>us es vlefkz jgsa l;qdr ifjokj dh lel;kvks] muls tqm+h?kvukvks,o izlxks dks vk/kkj cukdj vfhko;dr djus es vlefkz jgsa dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us ngst izfkk rfkk ukjh dh flfkfr] bu nks igyqvks ij ppkz djrs gq, izfkk rfkk equuh dk pfj= fp=.k gh fy[k Mkyk] ftlls os vius mùkj dks iq V ugh dj ik,a Question 12 vd ;kstuk 25 v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko fdlh ikb dks kq: djus ls igys ml ikb ds mís ; ls ijh{kkffkz;ks dks voxr djk, ] rks bl rjg ds iz u dk mùkj fy[kus es ijh{kkfkhz v kqf);k ugh djsxsa fdlh Hkh jpuk ds,d ;k nks ewy mís ; Hkh gksrs gs] tks dfkkfou;kl es lgk;d gksrs gsa ;s lkjh ckrs v/;kidks }kjk ijh{kkffkz;ks dks crkbz tkuh pkfg,a jktsunz ;kno th }kjk fyf[kr ^lkjk vkdk k* fueue/;oxhz; ;qod ds vflrro ds l?k"kz dh dgkuh gs] vk kkvks] egùokdk{kkvks vksj vkffkzd] lkekftd] lkldkfjd lhekvks ds chp pyrs }U}] gkjus&fkdus vksj dksbz jklrk fudkyus dh cspsuh dh dgkuh gsa ftl rjg lklkfjd O;ogkj es dksbz fcuk mís ; ds ugh fd;k tkrk mlh rjg jpukdkj Hkh fcuk fdlh mís ; ds dksbz jpuk ugh fy[krk gsa mldh gj jpuk ds ihns dksbz&u&dksbz mís ; fnik gksrk gsa ^lkjk vkdk k* miu;kl dk mís ; fueufyf[kr igyqvks dks mtkxj djrk gs% l;qdr ifjokjks ds fo?kvu ds dkj.kks ij izdk k Mkyuk & tc ifjokj es [kkus okys T;knk gks vksj dekus okys de, rks lel;k dk vkjhk gks tkrk gsa,d&nwljs dks nckuk vksj vieku vke gks tkrk gsa lhkh ds chp dk ek/kq;z dc de gksrk tkrk gs vksj lhkh vius&vius LokFkZ ds ckjs es lkspus yxrs gs ;g irk Hkh ugh pyrka l;qdr ifjokj es jgrs gq, fofhkuu lnl;ks ds O;fDrRo dk fodkl mfpr :i ls ugh gks ikrk] vkilh dyg?kj dh kkfr Hkx dj nsrh gsa,sls es viuh x`glfkh vyx clkus dh lykg f kjh"k HkkbZ lkgc }kjk nh xbz gsa csjkstxkj ;qodks ds l?k"kz dk o.kzu & lkeku;r;k e/;e oxz ds ekrk&firk vkrefuhkzj gq, fcuk ym+dks dh kknh dj nsrs gsa fqj [khprku dh izfø;k vkjhk gks tkrh gsa fueu e/;e oxz ds yksx bl gkyr ij kknh&fookg djds ijijkvks] v/k&fo oklks rfkk vifjido ekufldrk dk ifjp; nsrs gsa ;g jpuk e/;e oxz dk ;FkkFkZ fp= izlrqr djus okyh jpuk gsa lej tsls fookfgr ;qodks dks csdkjh ds dkj.k fdruh vf/kd ekufld ;kruk, lguh im+rh gsa ukjh dh v/kksn kk rfkk ifr&iruh ds lecu/kks es fcxm+ko dh flfkfr dk fp=.k & izhkk] equuh vksj f kjh"k HkkbZ lkgc dh cgu ds lunhkz es ;g fn[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gs fd vkt Hkh gekjs lekt es ukjh dh n kk vr;ur n;uh; gsa ukjh gh ukjh dh k=q gsa equuh ds nq%[k dk dkj.k mlds ifr dk O;kfHkpkjh gksuk Fkk] rks izhkk ds nq%[k dk dkj.k lej dh HkkHkh Fkh tks ugh pkgrh Fkh fd lej,o izhkk dk nkeir; thou mlls csgrj gks tk,a ifr&iruh ds chp vghkko,o xyrqgeh dk gksuk gh fcxm+rs lecu/kks dk ewy dkj.k gsa ik pkr; llñfr,o lh;rk dk Hkkjrh; lekt ij izhkko & lej miu;kl es Hkkjrh; lh;rk,o llñfr dk lokgd gs ysfdu tc og f kjh"k HkkbZ lkgc ds leidz es vkrk gs] rks mlds fopkjks es Hkh

31 mfky&iqfky ep tkrh gsa mlds izhkko ls og viuh pksvh dvok nsrk gsa mldh pksvh,o /kksrh dk i;kzir migkl fd;k x;k gs vksj Hkkjrh; llñfr dks xkscj llñfr dh fuunklin lkk iznku dh xbz gsa ngst izfkk ds nq"ifj.kke dks fn[kkuk & ngst izfkk lekt ds fy, dks<+ gsa equuh dk ngst ds lkfk fookg gksrk gs ysfdu ogk Hkh vksj ikus dh bpnk ds lkfk ds lkfk mls ifr vksj lkl ds }kjk izrkfm+r fd;k tkrk gsa lej dk fookg?kj dh vkffkzd flfkfr Bhd djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gs ysfdu ;gk Hkh izhkk vius lkfk fdlh Hkh izdkj dk ngst ugh ykrh gsa ftlds dkj.k mls dbz ckj HkkHkh vksj lkl ds rkus lquus im+rs gsa mi;qzdr lhkh rf;ks dks /;ku es j[krs gq, dgk tk ldrk gs fd ^lkjk vkdk k* miu;kl dk mís ; l;qdr ifjokjks es gksus okys fookn dks izlrqr djuk gs vksj lkfk gh Hkkjrh;,o ik pkr; lh;rkvks ds l?k"kz] lekt es ukjh dh flfkfr rfkk csdkjh dh lel;kvks ls mriuu gq, thou ldv ij Hkh izdk k Mkyrk gsa Question 13 ^vk"kk<+ dk,d fnu^ (Ashd K Ek Din) foykse D;k gs\,d vlqy dkfynkla vksj dkfynkl\,d vlqy foyksea ge dgh,d&nwljs ds cgqr fudv im+rs gsa (i) odrk vksj Jksrk dk ifjp; nhft,a [1½] (ii) izlrqr lokn dk izlx Li V dhft,a [3] (iii) mi;qzdr ifdr;ks ds vk/kkj ij odrk dk n`f Vdks.k Li V dhft,a [3] (iv) mi;qzdr lokn ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd foykse vksj dkfynkl ds chp dsls lc/k Fks \ [5] ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k (i) odrk vksj Jksrk dk uke rks gj ijh{kkfkhz us lgh fy[kk ij dqn ijh{kkfkhz mudk ifjp; Bhd ls ugh fy[k ik,a (ii) bl dfku ds izlx ds lecu/k es ijh{kkffkz;ks es Hkzkfr;k Fkh blfy, vf/kdrj ijh{kkfkhz bls Li V ugh dj ik,a dqn gh ijh{kkffkz;ks us lgh izlx fy[kka (iii) foykse dk dkfynkl ds izfr dslk n`f Vdks.k Fkk] bls vf/kdrj ijh{kkfkhz Li V ugh dj ik,a (iv) vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us bl iz u dk mùkj lgh <x ls fn;k flqz dgh&dgh oùkzuh nks k FkkA v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ijh{kkffkz;ks dks odrk,o Jksrk dk ifjp; fy[kus dh fof/k le>k, vksj vdks ds vk/kkj ij fdruk folrkj gksuk pkfg,] ;s Hkh vo ; crk, A ijh{kkffkz;ks dks izlx dk lgh vfkz&le>k, ] ftlls os lgh rjhds ls izlx fy[k ldsa fdl le;] fduds chp] fdl fo k; dks ysdj ckr gks jgh gs] ;s izlx gksrk gs] tslh tkudkjh ukvd i<+krs le; nh tkuh pkfg,a ;fn ijh{kkffkz;ks dks dkfynkl,o foykse] bu nksuks ik=ks dh,d&nwljs ds izfr Hkkoukvks ls ifjfpr djk, ] rks ijh{kkfkhz vklkuh ls mudh Hkkoukvks dks vfhko;fdr ns ik, xsa 26

32 Question 13 (i) (ii) vd ;kstuk ukvd i<+krs le; ik=ks dh pkfjf=d detksfj;k,o kgtksfj;k vo ; Li V djuh pkfg,] blls mùkj fy[kus es Li Vrk cuh jgrh gsa ;gk odrk foykse gs vksj Jksrk dkfynkl gsa nksuks gh,d xk o es jgrs gsa ijrq dkfynkl foykse dh rqyuk es lqy O;fDr gs D;ksfd mls efyydk dk izse vksj jkt;kj;@jktdfo dk leeku feyka foykse vksj dkfynkl,d gh pfj= ds nks igyw gs &,d udkjkred vksj nwljk ldkjkreda dkfynkl Hkkoqd vksj rjy gs] foykse ;FkkFkZoknh] vkøked vksj vur}zu}ks dks ipk, gq, gsa nksuks ijlij fojks/kh fn[kkbz nsrs gq, Hkh oklro es,d&nwljs ds iwjd gsa jktdh; leeku ds izfr mnklhu dkfynkl txneck ds efnj es tkdj csb tkrk gs tgk ls efyydk mls eukdj vius?kj ykrh gsa ogk nksuks dk lkeuk foykse ls gksrk gsa og dkfynkl dk izfr}u}h gs vksj efyydk ls izse djrk gsa ijurq foykse dks ogk ns[kdj efyydk vksj dkfynkl vizluu gsa foykse dks yxrk gs fd dkfynkl vksj mles,slk dqn Hkh ugh] tks,d nwljs ls fnik gksa nksuks,d&nwljs ds LoHkko dks vpnh rjg tkurs gsa dkfynkl dks feyus okys jktdh; leeku ds lnhkz es foykse us dkfynkl ls mdr okd; dgsa (iii) foykse dkfynkl ls dguk pkgrk gs fd dkfynkl dks u dsoy efyydk dk izse izkir gqvk cfyd dfo ds :i es Hkh og lqy lkfcr gqvka mls ;g nksuks gh phts+ ugh feyh vr% og,d vlqy dkfynkl gqvka nksuks es lekurk gksrs gq, Hkh os,d&nwljs ls fdrus foijhr gsa ;gh muds chp,d fudvrk Hkh gsa dkfynkl efyydk dk ;kfpr Hkko gs vksj foykse v;kfpra (iv) nksuks,d&nwljs dks ukiln Hkh djrs gs vksj,d nwljs dks vpnh rjg le>rs Hkh gsa nksuks es izfr}fu}rk gsa nksuks,d xzke ls gs] dfo gs] efyydk ls izse Hkh djrs gsa ijrq nksuks,d&nwljs ds foijhr gs A vkil es bruh lekurk gksrs gq, Hkh nksuks es t+jk Hkh ugh curha foykse dkfynkl dks feyh lqyrk ls bz";kz Hkh djrk gsa bu nksuks ds chp,d }U} vksj?k`.kk dk Hkko gsa bl izdkj ukvd ds vkfn ls vr rd bu nksuks ds e/; dk ;g }U} cuk jgrk gsa og tkurk gs fd dkfynkl mls blfy, ukiln djrk gs D;ks fd foykse dh vk [kks es dkfynkl dks vius ân; dk lr; >k drk fn[kkbz nsrk gsa Question 14 ÞvfEcdk Hkkoukvks es ugh ;FkkFkZ es thrh gsaß ^vk kk<+ dk,d fnu^ ukvd ds vk/kkj ij vfecdk dh pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks dk o.kzu dhft,a [12½] 27

33 ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko ^vfecdk^ dk pfj= fp=.k vf/kdk k ijh{kkffkz;ks us fcunqokj rjhds ls fcydqy lgh fy[kk] lkfk gh m)j.k Hkh izlrqr fd,a flqz dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us mùkj ds fy, visf{kr 5 ls 6 pkfjf=d fo ks krk, u fy[kdj] flqz 2 ;k 3 fo ks krk, gh fy[kha dqn us pfj= fp=.k dh ksyh ugh viuk;h] oju~ dgkuh ds :Ik es mùkj fn;ka Question 14 vd ;kstuk 28 d{kk es fdlh,d fo kfkhz dh pkfjf=d fo ks krk, ¼vPNh o cqjh nksuks½ ckdh ds fo kffkz;ks ls iwns vksj mu fo ks krkvks dh iqf V ds fy, mnkgj.k nsus dks dgs ] rks pfj=&fp=.k fy[kus dh ksyh vpnh rjg Li V gks ldrh gsa fdlh Hkh ik= dh de&ls&de 7 ls 8 pkfjf=d fo ks krkvks dh ppkz djs] rks ijh{kkfkhz de&ls&de 5 ls 6 vo ; ;kn j[k ldrs gsa ukvd i<+krs le; ik=ks ds thou ls tqm+h lel;kvks rfkk ihm+k dks lelkef;d thou ls tksm+dj mn~?kkfvr djuk pkfg,] ftlls ik=ks dks vkrelkr djus es vklkuh gksxha ^vfecdk* eksgu jkds k }kjk fyf[kr ^vk"kk<+ dk,d fnu* ukvd dh,d izeq[k ik=k] xk o dh,d o`)k L=h,o efyydk dh ek gsa og gekjs lkeus,d le>nkj L=h,o ek ds :i es fn[kkbz nsrh gs tks viuh csvh dks xyr jkg ij tkus ls jksdrh gsa og efyydk dh Hkk fr ek= Hkkoukvks es fo okl ugh j[krha mlds fy, yksdkpkj] HkkSfrd vko ;drk, vksj lklkfjd lq[k Hkh egùoiw.kz gsa og tkurh gs fd ;FkkFkZ ls vk [ks ew ndj ek= Hkkoukvks ds lgkjs thou ugh ft;k tk ldrk] og vu; ek vks dh rjg efyydk ds fookg dks ysdj fpfurr fn[kkbz im+rh gsa dkfynkl,o efyydk ds fj rs dks og iln ugh djrha og efyydk dks yksdkiokn ls cpkuk pkgrh gs blfy, mlds fookg ds fy, vfxufe= dks ;ksx; oj dh ryk k es Hkstrh gsa og efyydk dks Hkh ;FkkFkZ ls ifjfpr djkuk pkgrh gs & ^^es iwnrh gw Hkkouk es Hkkouk dk oj.k D;k gksrk gs \ mlls thou dh vko ;drk, fdl rjg iwjh gksrh gs \** vfecdk,d dùkzo;fu"b ek gsa efyydk dh thou n`f"v ls vlger gksrs gq, Hkh mldk eero fni ugh ikrka ;g okrly; efyydk&dkfynkl lecu/kh fookn dks ysdj Hkh >ydrk gs] mldh fpurk] [kh>] vlolfkrk,o xqllk lc mlh Hkko dh vfhko;fdr gsa og,d dezb L=h gsa ukvd ds izfke vd es gh ge vfecdk dks dezjr ikrs gsa efyydk ls ckrs djrs gq, Hkh vius dez ij fo ks"k /;ku nsrh gsa ^^ns[k jgh gks es dke dj jgh gw A** rfkk ^^ek dk thou Hkkouk ugh] dez gsa mls?kj e s cgqr dqn djuk gs** & ;s lokn n kzrs gs fd og dez dks thou es vr;ur egùoiw.kz ekurh gsa vfecdk dks tks ckr ;k O;fDr iln ugh] mls og Li"V kcnks es dg nsrh gs] eu es nqjko&fniko ugh j[krha tc dkfynkl?kk;y gfj.k kkod dks fclrj ij fyvkus dks dgrk gs] rks og & ^^bl?kj ds ryi vksj vklrj.k gfj.k kkodks ds fy, ugh gs** & dgdj viuh Li"Vokfnrk dk ifjp; nsrh gsa vfecdk LokfHkekfuuh Hkh gsa lkjs vhkkoks vksj foo krk ds ckotwn og fiz;xqetjh ds niz&hkjs O;ogkj ls vkgr gksrh gs vksj fumj gksdj mldh gh Hkk"kk es mùkj Hkh nsrh gsa ^^;g?kj lnk ls bl flfkfr es ugh gs jkto/kw] esjs gkfk pyrs Fks] rks es izfrfnu bls yhirh cqgkjrh FkhA ijurq vkt rks ge nksuks ek csvh Hkh ;gk VwVh&lh im+h jgrh gsa**

34 vfecdk dkfynkl dh vkreyhurk dks igpkurh gsa og vr;ur nwjn khz,o O;ogkj dq ky gsa og tkurh gs dkfynkl dhkh mldh csvh dks lq[k ugh ns ik,xk D;ks fd og vkredsfunzr,o LokFkhZ gsa ekuo LoHkko dh mls vpnh ij[k gsa og efyydk dks viuh O;ogkj dq kyrk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, dgrh gs & ^^og O;fDr vkrelhfer gsa llkj es vius flok mls vksj fdlh ls eksg ugh gsa** mldh ;g lksp iw.kzr% xyr Hkh ugh gsa og,d Lusgh,o d:.kke;h ek gsa efyydk ds o"kkz es Hkhx dj vkus ij igys ls gh mlds fy, dim+s fudky dj j[kuk] mlds fy, nw/k xez djds j[kuk mlds Lusgh LoHkko dks n kkzrk gsa dkfynkl ds xzke izkurj vkdj efyydk ls u feyus ij tc og vius dks lehkky ikus es vlefkz gksrh gs] rks vfecdk mls vius ikl cqykdj ck gks es Hkj ysrh gs vksj mls vius lhus ls lvkdj] ihb ij gkfk Qsjrs gq, le>krh gs & ^^vc Hkh jksrh gks \ mlds fy, \ ml O;fDr ds fy, ftlus \ mldk efyydk ds nq%[k es nq%[kh gksuk mldh d:.kk dks n kkzrk gsa bl izdkj ge ns[krs gs fd vfecdk dk pfj= ; fi lgk;d pfj= ds :i es fu;ksftr gqvk gs ijurq viuh eerk vksj [kjsiu ds dkj.k og ikbdks ij viuh Nki NksM+us es lqy gksrh gsa Question 15 fç;xqetjh efyydk dks vius lkfk pyus ds fy, D;ks dgrh gs\ efyydk dh bl ij D;k izfrfø;k Fkh \ ijh{kdks dh fviif.k;k v/;kidks ds fy, lq>ko [12½] bl iz u ds mùkj es dqn ijh{kkffkz;ks us fiz;xqetjh ds efyydk ds ;gk vkus] mls vius lkfk ys tkus ds fy, tks dkj.k Fks] mls iwjh rjg ls Li V ugh fd;ka fdlh&fdlh us nks dkj.k fy[ks] rks fdlh us iwjs rhu dkj.k fy[ks ij efyydk dh izfrfø;k cgqr vpnh rjg ls Li V ugh dj ik,a mu nksuks dh ckr&phr es fnis Hkkoks dks izdv djus es =qfv FkhA Question 15 vd ;kstuk ukvd i<+krs le; eq[;?kvukvks,o leoknks dks js[kkfdr djokuk pkfg, ftlls mugs ukvd dh fo k;olrq Lej.k j[kus es lgtrk gksa bl rjg ds izlx es nksuks ik=ks ds okùkkzyki dk vfhku; djokrs gq, ml ij ppkz djuh pkfg, rkfd nksuks ds eukshkko iwjh rjg Li V gks tk, A ^vk"kk<+ dk,d fnu ukvd ds uk;d dkfynkl dh iruh fiz;xqetjh,d jktdu;k gsa og dkfynkl ds foxr thou ds ckjs e s lc dqn tkurh FkhA og pkgrh Fkh fd dkfynkl vius foxr thou dks iwjh rjg Hkwy tk, blfy, og efyydk ls feyus mlds?kj vkbz Fkh rkfd efyydk dk fookg djkds iwjh rjg ls fuf pur gks tk, A ije fonq"kh fiz;xqetjh Hkyh&Hkk fr tkurh Fkh fd mlds ifr dkfynkl ds ân; ij izfke vf/kdkj efyydk dk gs] dgh&u&dgh efyydk dks ysdj mlds eu es l k; gs rhkh rks og efyydk ds lkeus fdlh jktiq#"k ls fookg djus dk izlrko j[krh gsa og efyydk ds le{k vius jkt; ls vk, vf/kdkfj;ks es ls fdlh,d dks oj ds :i es iln djus dk vkxzg Hkh djrh gsa tc efyydk ;g izlrko ugh Lohdkj djrh gs] rks og mls vius jkt; ds vu; fdlh vf/kdkjh dk pquko djus dh lykg nsrh gsa og mlls iwnrh gs fd ^^D;ks \ rqegkjs eu es dyiuk ugh gs fd rqegkjk viuk?kj&ifjokj gks \** 29

35 efyydk bl fo"k; ij ppkz ugh djuk pkgrh ij vfecdk fiz;xqetjh dks crkrh gs fd blds eu es ;g dyiuk ugh gsa ;g Hkkouk ds Lrj ij thrh gsa fiz;xqetjh ds ;gk vkus dk nwljk edln efyydk ds?kj dh ttzj flfkfr dks lq/kkjuk FkkA og mlds?kj ds ifjlldkj ds fy, vius lkfk dkjhxj Hkh ykbz Fkh tks mlds?kj dk iqufuzekz.k djsxs A lkfk gh og efyydk dks vius lkfk mttf;uh pyus ds fy, Hkh dgrh gsa efyydk mlds izlrko dks vlohdkj dj nsrh gsa og dgrh gs & vki cgqr mnkj gs A ijrq ges,sls gh?kj es jgus dk vh;kl gsa blfy, vlqfo/kk ugh gksrh A fiz;xqetjh efyydk ds lkeus mldh ek vfecdk dks Hkh lkfk ys pyus dk izlrko j[krh gsa muds ihns mlds LFkifr bl?kj dk ifjlldkj dj nsxsa ij efyydk Lo; dks bl xksjo dh vf/kdkfj.kh u ekudj mlls {kek ek xrh gsa fiz;xqetjh ds ;gk vkus dk dkj.k ;s Hkh Fkk fd og dkfynkl] ftldk dkqh le; bl xzke izkurj es chrk Fkk] ;gk ds izkñfrd ifjos k tsls fd gfj.k kkod] vks"kf/k;k ] vukfk cpps vkfn dks vius lkfk ys tkuk pkgrh gs rkfd dkfynkl dk eu ogk yx tk, vksj mls fdlh rjg dk vhkko u gksa ;gk rd fd og efyydk dks Hkh lkfk ys tkuk pkgrh gsa?kj ds ifjlldkj ds ihns Hkh mldh elk?kj dh le`f) vksj lq[k ds }kjk dkfynkl ds }} dks dqn de djuk FkkA ijurq efyydk ds vksnkr; ds le{k og cgqr NksVh im+ tkrh gsa efyydk ij mldh ckrks dh ;g çfrkfø;k Fkh fd u rks og mlds fn[kk, izykshku es Q lh vksj u gh fookg ds izlrko dks Lohdkj fd;ka og viuh flfkfr ls [kq k Fkh] mls fdlh dh enn dh t:jr ugh FkhA fdlh dh enn ysus es mldk LokfHkeku vkgr gksrk FkkA og u rks fookg ds fo"k; ij ppkz djuk pkgrh Fkh vksj u gh mls vius?kj dks fxjkus dh vkkk nsrh gsa og u rks viuh Hkkoukvks dk ewy; Lohdkj djus dks rs;kj Fkh vksj u gh jktdu;k dh Ñikn`f"V ikuk pkgrh FkhA lkeku; fviif.k;k 30

36 31

37 32

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