RUssiske MYNTeR / RUssiaN COiNs Russiske mynter Russian coins

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1 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Russiske mynter Russian coins

2 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS RUSSiske mynter/russian coins PETER I Rubel Red Mint Bitkin Peter the Great (ruled ) and the first decimal coinage The reign of Peter I (the Great) is generally regarded as a watershed in Russian history, noted for a programme of extensive military, civil and social reforms that transformed Russia from an isolated agricultural society into a major European power. Early in his career, Peter toured Europe (sometimes in disguise) and educated himself in Western culture and science, as well as naval and military techniques. On his return to Russia he set about modernizing or westernizing the country, as well as extending its boundaries through a number of military campaigns. In 1703, during the Great Northern War with Sweden, Peter captured land on the Baltic Sea, where he founded his new capital, St Petersburg. This modern city, built in Western style, was intended to become the centre of new Russia just as Moscow had been the centre of old. The monetary system of Russia also changed dramatically as part of Peter the Great s extensive reforms. In 1700 the czar decreed a decimal coinage system for Russia the first in history with 100 kopeks equal to one rouble. The first (copper) kopek and (silver) rouble coins under the new system appeared in As well as introducing a decimal coinage, Peter I also banned the use of foreign coins in Russia. Moreover, in order to ensure a standard size and weight for the new Russian coins, the czar ordered that coins should no longer be minted by hand, but should be machine-struck. To this end, a new mint was constructed in Moscow in In 1719 the mint organization and machinery were transferred to Peter s new capital in St Petersburg Rubel Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin / Rubel Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Rubel Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

3 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Rubel Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Rubel Red Mint Bitkin 808 1/ Poltina Red Mint Bitkin Poltina Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin 559 1/ Poltina Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Poltina Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Poltina Red Mint Bitkin / Polupoltinikk Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin Kopek Moskva Brekke 166 1/ Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

4 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Kopek Moskva Brekke Kopek Moskva Brekke 235 1/ Kopek Moskva Brekke 237 var Kopek Moskva Brekke 238 1/ Denga Moskva Brekke Polushka Moskva Brekke CATHARINA I Rubel St.Petersburg Mint ( Sørge-rubel/Mourning rouble ) Bitkin Catherine I (ruled ), mourning rouble Catherine I (ruled ) was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, and opened the way for a century almost entirely dominated by female rulers: Anna Ivanovna (ruled ), Elizabeth Petrovna (ruled ) and Catherine the Great (ruled ). A peasant woman of Baltic origin, in 1702 Martha Skavronskaya (the future Catherine I) was captured by Russian forces and became the mistress of the Russian soldier and administrator Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov. It was through Menshikov that Martha came into contact with Tzar Peter the Great, who subsequently took her as his own mistress. After her conversion from the Lutheran to the Orthodox Church (at which point she changed her name from Martha to Catherine), she married Peter I (the Great] in Just over a decade later (in May 1724) a lavish ceremony was held in the Moscow Kremlin where Catherine I was crowned empress-consort. When Peter I died in 1725 without naming a successor, Menshikov and the imperial guards raised Catherine I to the throne. Although Catherine only served as Empress of Russia for two years (before her own death in 1727), during this period she issued several types of rouble coin. The rouble of 1725 in which the empress is shown in common clothes, without the usual regalia, is colloquially known as the mourning rouble. This coin is said to have been struck just after the death of Peter the Great, and Catherine I is portrayed in uncharacteristically plain attire as a sign of mourning Rubel Red Mint Bitkin Rubel Red Mint Bitkin 48 1+/ Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

5 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS kopek Moskva Brekke 24 1/ PETER II Rubel Kadashevsky Mint. Svake riper/slight scratches Bitkin ANNA Rubel Kadashevsky Mint Bitkin / Rubel Red Mint Bitkin Denga 1731 Brekke Polushka Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek PeterII Brekke Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

6 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS IVAN III Rubel Red Mint Bitkin Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 22 0/ Rubel St.Petersburg Mint. Ripe på advers/scratch on obverse Bitkin 32 1/ ELIZABETH Rubel St.Petersburg Mint. R. Bitkin Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

7 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin / Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin Rubel St.Petersburg Mint. Dassier type. R. Bitkin Rubel St.Petersburg Mint. Dassier type. R. Bitkin 282 1/ Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin Poltina Red Mint Bitkin Livonia-Estonia, 96 kopek Red Mint Bitkin / Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

8 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS kopek 1762 Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek 1730 Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke 91 1/ kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1755 Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Brekke kopek Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek 1756 Brekke kopek ( ). Overpreget på/overstruck on kopek Denga Skjevt preget/struck off center Brekke Denga 1748 Brekke Denga Overpreget/overstruck Brekke Denga Kantskade/edge crack (glatt rand/smooth edge) Brekke Denga 1757/ Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

9 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS PETER III Rubel Red Mint Bitkin 9 1+/ Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin 12 1/ Poltina Red Mint Bitkin Poltina St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin Holstein-Gottorp, albertustaler Mannheim Bitkin CATHARINA II Rubel St.Petersburg Mint Bitkin kopek MM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek og 10 kopek 1762 Brekke kopek MM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Elizabeth Brekke Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

10 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS kopek CPM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Elizabeth Brekke kopek EM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 10 kopek 1762 Brekke 200 1/ kopek EM Brekke kopek KM Brekke kopek EM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 5 kopek Brekke kopek EM. Glatt rand/smooth edge Brekke kopek EM Brekke 142 1/ kopek EM Brekke kopek (C)PM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 4 kopek 1762 Brekke kopek CPM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 4 kopek 1762 Brekke 154 1/ kopek EM Brekke kopek EM Brekke kopek MM. Overpreget på/overstruck on 4 kopek 1762 Brekke Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

11 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Kopek EM. RRR. Brekke Denne mynten manglet i samlingen til Storhertug Georgii Michailovitch Romanov, fetter av tsar Alexander III Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia ( ) Since at least the fifteenth century coin collecting the hobby of kings has attracted collectors among the royalty and nobility of Europe. Famous collectors include the Holy Roman Emperors Maximilian I (ruled ) and Ferdinand I (ruled ), Henry IV (ruled ) and Louis XIV (ruled ) of France, and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg ( ). In more recent times, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (ruled ), whose collection consisted of over 100,000 Italian coins, also deserves a mention. Probably the most noted coin collector in Russian history is Grand Duke George Michailovitch ( ), first cousin of Emperor Alexander III (ruled ). Born in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi) in 1863, George Michailovitch served as a general in the Russian army in World War I. Following the Russian Revolution, however, he was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks and later executed. From an early age, numismatics was an all-consuming interest for George Michailovitch. On his appointment in 1895 as Director of the newly founded Alexander III Museum, the Grand Duke was able to indulge this passion by adding rare pieces and even entire collections to the museum s numismatic holdings. George Michailovitch s own collection, started as a teenager, included practically every coin issued in the Russian Empire. His abundant financial resources, together with his numismatic knowledge and experience, put him in a privileged position to seek out any missing pieces so coins not included in his collection must have been considerable rarities, either unknown at the time or not available on the market. During the Revolution George Michailovitch s collection was smuggled out of Russia, and eventually found its way to the Smithsonian Institution in the USA, where it is housed today. As well as putting together his substantial collection, George Michailovitch also wrote a number of books on numismatic themes, including his 1885 publication A Description of Some Rare Coins in My Collection in which he describes a selection of his rarest and most fascinating coins Kopek EM. Piedfort (13,82 g) Brekke / Polushka 1786/75. KM Brekke 24 1/ Polushka 1791/90. KM Brekke Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1763, 1770, 1772, 1788 og 1790 EM VK Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1768, 1779, 1780, 1781 og 1790 EM VK Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1770, 1771, 1772, 1791 og 1794 EM VK Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780 og 1781 EM VK Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1782, 1786, 1788, 1790 og 1791 EM VK Lot 5 stk. 5 kopek 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795 og 1796 EM VK 250 Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

12 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS *1108 Founding home Ivanov/Waechter. Tinn. 52 mm. Flekker/spots diakov Courland, Peter Bieron, albertustaler 1780 dav / SIBIR/SIBERIA kopek Variant med glatt rand/variaty with smooth edge Brekke kopek 1779 Brekke kopek 1768 Brekke kopek 1773 Brekke kopek 1768 Brekke 426 1/ Kopek 1771 Brekke 396 1/ Denga 1771 Brekke Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

13 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS Denga 1773 Brekke Denga 1775 Brekke 370 1/ PAUL I kopek EM. Tilbakedatert/reoverstruck Brekke kopek EM. Tilbakedatert/reoverstruck Brekke Heavy rubel St.Petersburg Mint. Ripe på advers/scratch on obverse Bitkin kopek AM Brekke 65 1/ kopek AM Brekke kopek AM Brekke kopek EM Brekke kopek KM Brekke kopek EM Brekke 84 1+/ Kopek AM. Korrodert/corroded Brekke Polushka EM. RRR. Brekke 12 1+/ Denne mynten manglet i samlingen til Storhertug Georgii Michailovitch Romanov, fetter av tsar Alexander III 1130 Lot 3 stk. 2 kopek 1797 AM, 1800 KM og 1801 EM Brekke 65, 81 og 84 1 og 1/ Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

14 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS ALEXANDER I kopek EM Brekke 102 1/ kopek EM Brekke Kopek Izhorsk Brekke 222A 1/ Denga St.Petersburg Brekke Lot 3 stk. Rubel 1818, 1828 og 1830 C.130, 161 og 161 VK 400 NIKOLAI I Rubel 1843 C kopek EM Brekke 202 1/ kopek CPM Brekke kopek CPM. Kantskade/edge nick Brekke 210 1/ Lot 6 stk. Rubel 1833, 1841, 1883, 1896, 1897 og 1901 C (2), Y.43, 59 VK 400 ALEXANDER II Rubel Nikolai I monumentet y Rubel Små riper/minor scratches y.25 1+/ Denga EM. RR. Brekke Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64

15 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS ALEXANDER III Rubel Kroningen y NIKOLAI II rubel 1902 F rubel 1898 F / rubel 1898 F / rubel 1901 F rubel 1909 F rubel 1909 F Rubel år for seieren over Napoleon y.68 1/ Rubel Romanov y.70 1+/ kopek Berlin prøve/berlin sample. RR. Brekke Myntverket i Berlin forsøkte i 1897 å selge mynter til den Russiske stat da myntverket i St.Petersburg ikke hadde kapasitet til å levere det ønskete antall. Mynten i Berlin slo noen prøvepregninger fra 1/4- til 3 kopek i 1897 og Innskriften er slått speilvendt og myntene bærer den tyske ørn istedenfor den russiske. Alle myntene er ekstremt sjeldne, Eremitagen har kun ett sett, men noen få eksemplarer finnes også i privatsamlinger. SOVJETUNIONEN/SOVJET UNION 1154 Lot 4 stk. Rubel 1924 (2), 20 kopek 1911 og 1916 y.90.1, 22a.1 og 22a.2 1/1+ til Lot 24 stk. mynter VK 200 Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr

16 RUssiske MYNTER / russian COINS RUSSISKE SEDLER/RUSSIAN BANKNOTes rubel No Rifter/tears P.A rubel No Rifter/tears P.A rubel No Rifter/tears P.A Oslo Mynthandel Auksjon nr. 64 Sedlene er vist i 50% størrelse