This lesson is made by Kapittel Maria skal inn til sentrum

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1 Kapittel Maria skal inn til sentrum Maria vil gjerne reise med trikken. Hun bor på Grünerløkka i Oslo. Det er langt inn til sentrum. Hun vil ikke gå fordi det regner. Hun går til trikkeholdeplassen og venter. Det står mange mennesker der. Maria har ikke billett. Hvor kan hun kjøpe den? Kan hun kjøpe billetten på trikken? Hun vet ikke. Derfor vil hun vente og se hva de andre passasjerene gjør. Trikken kommer. Folk går av og på. Maria ser ingen som kjøper billett. Må man ikke betale på trikken? Hun skjønner ingenting. Istedenfor blir hun bare stående og se. Trikken går igjen, uten Maria. Hva skal hun gjøre nå? Translation: Maria is going to the city centre Maria would like to travel by tram. She lives in Grünerløkka in Oslo. It is far to the city centre. She doesn t want to walk, because it's raining. She walks to the tram stop and waits. There are many people there. Maria doesn t have a ticket. Where can she buy one? Can she buy the ticket on the tram? She doesn t know. Therefore she will wait and see what the other passengers do. The tram is coming. People get off and on. Maria sees no one buying a ticket. Isn t it possible to buy it on the tram? She doesn t understand anything. Instead, she is just standing there watching. The tram leaves again without Maria. What should she do now? New words: andre = others å betale = to pay billett (m) = ticket den = here: it der = there å gå = here: to leave å gå av = to get off å gå på = to get on ingenting = nothing istedenfor = instead menneske (n) = human being, person passasjer (m) = passenger å reise = to travel å se = to see, watch, look

2 å skjønne = to understand å stå = to stand trikk (m) = tram trikkeholdeplass (m) = tram stop uten = without å vente = to wait å vente på = to wait for About travel å reise med tog å reise med trikk å reise med buss å reise med t-bane å reise med fly å reise med båt å reise med bil å ta toget å ta trikken å ta bussen å ta t-banen å ta fly å ta bilen å ta båt å kjøre bil å kjøre motorsykkel å sykle å gå Jeg skal ta toget fra Oslo til Bergen. Han tar båt fra Sandefjord til Strømstad. Skal dere reise med fly fra London til Praha? Vi skal kjøre bil fra Oslo til Geilo. Hun sykler til jobben hele sommeren. Bussen går fra stasjonen klokka 5. Trikken kommer nå! Du må skynde deg! Flyet tar av klokka 7 om morgenen. Flyet lander klokka 12 presis. Unnskyld, hvor er bussholdeplassen? Unnskyld, hvor går trikk nummer 9 fra? Du må bytte buss på Dombås. Du må bytte fra buss til tog i Oslo. Unnskyld, vet du når bussen går? Unnskyld, vet du om bussen har kommet? Unnskyld, vet du om flyet har landet? Bussen er et kvarter forsinket. Det flyet er kansellert. to travel by train to travel by tram to travel by bus to travel by metro/tube/subway to travel by plain to travel by boat to travel by car to take the train to take the tram to take the bus to take the metro/tube/subway to go by plane to take the car To take a boat to go by car to go by motor bike to bike to walk I ll take the train from Oslo to Bergen. He takes a boat from Sandefjord to Strømstad. Are you going by plane from London to Prague? We re going by car from Oslo to Geilo. She bikes to work all summer. The bus leaves the station at 5 o clock. The tram comes now! You have to hurry! The plane takes off at 7 in the morning. The plane lands precisely at 12 o clock. Excuse me, where is the bus stop? Excuse me, where does tram number 9 go from? You have to change busses at Dombås. You have to change from bus to train in Oslo. Excuse me, do you know when the bus leaves? Excuse me, do you know if the buss has arrived? Excuse me, do you know if the plane has landed? The bus is 15 minutes delayed. That flight has been cancelled.

3 6.1.5 Some tricky adverbs: hit her dit der here in direction of this place here there in direction of that place there Han kommer hit. Hun er her. Han går dit. Hun bor der. He is coming here. She is here. He is walking there. She lives there Some determiners: denne (m/f) dette (n) den (m/f) det (n) dette (pl) det (pl) disse (pl) de (pl) ingenting ingen all alt alle noen noe man hver this this that that these those these those nothing none everything, all Everything, all everyone someone, anyone something, anything one (as subject in a sentence) each Examples: Denne bilen er min. Dette huset er mitt. Den gutten er min sønn. Det eplet er gult. Dette er mine foreldre. Det er barna mine. Disse eplene er gule. De eplene er grønne. Jeg har ingenting å si til deg. Jeg kjenner ingen her. All musikk er god, sier han. This car is mine. This house is mine. This boy is my son. That apple is yellow. These are my parents. Those are my children. These apples are yellow. Those apples are green. I have nothing to say to you. I don t know anyone here. All music is good, he says.

4 Alt dette er ditt. Alle barna på skolen lærer engelsk. Noen banker på døra. Noe er galt her. Man kan ikke bare late som alt er bra. Hver ny dag er en gave. All this is yours. All the children in school learn English. Someone is knocking on the door. Something is wrong here. One can t just pretend that all is well. Each new day is a gift Maria venter på trikken Maria står fortsatt på trikkeholdeplassen. En dame kommer og stopper et stykke fra henne. Kanskje hun kan spørre henne hvor hun kan kjøpe billett. Maria bestemmer seg for å gjøre det. Damen er hyggelig og forklarer hvordan hun skal gjøre det. Damen forklarer at man kan kjøpe billett på trikken, men det er dyrere enn å kjøpe billett på forhånd. Man kan gå på en kiosk og kjøpe billett. I tillegg kan man laste ned en app på telefonen. Den appen som er enklest å bruke når man bor i Oslo, heter Ruter. Når man har lastet ned den, må man tilknytte et bankkort eller et kredittkort. Da først vil appen fungere. På appen kan man enkelt kjøpe billett når man trenger det. Man kan kjøpe en billett for én reise, for en hel dag, for en hel uke, for en hel måned eller for et helt år. Når man har kjøpt billett, får man opp et bilde på telefonen. Dette bildet viser man til konduktøren eller billettkontrolløren når de ber om det. Med denne typen billett kan man reise i hele Oslo, både med buss, trikk, t-bane og tog. Maria bestemmer seg for å kjøpe billett på trikken. Hun har ikke lyst til å ta fram telefonen og kredittkortet mens hun står på et offentlig sted med så mange mennesker. Når hun kommer inn til sentrum, kan hun finne en kafé og ta en kopp te. Da kan hun også laste ned appen og koble den til kredittkortet. Hun er ikke helt sikker på om hun vil få det til alene. Forhåpentligvis er det noen der som kan hjelpe henne Translation: Maria is waiting for the tram Maria is still at the tram stop. A lady arrives and stops some distance away. Maybe she can ask her where she can buy a ticket. Maria decides to do so. The lady is nice and explains how she can do it. The lady explains that you can buy a ticket on the tram, but it is more expensive than buying a ticket in advance. You can go to a kiosk and buy a ticket. In addition, you can download an app on your phone. The app that is easiest to use when living in Oslo is called Ruter. After downloading it, you must attach a bank card or credit card. Then the app will work. On the app, you can easily buy a ticket when you need it. You can buy a ticket for one trip, for a full day, for a whole week, for a whole month or for a whole year. Once you have bought a ticket, you get a picture in your phone. This picture you show to the conductor or ticket inspector when they ask for it. With this type of ticket you can travel throughout Oslo, by bus, tram, subway and train.

5 Maria decides to buy a ticket on the tram. She doesn t want to pick up her phone and credit card while she is in a public place with so many people. When she is downtown, she can find a cafe and have a cup of tea. Then she can also download the app and connect it to her credit card. She isn t quite sure she will manage on her own. Hopefully there is someone there who can help her New words: app (m) = an app, application for your phone or tablet bankkort (n) bank card å be = to ask, pray å be om = to ask for å bestemme = to decide bilde (n) = picture, photo billettkontrollør (m) = ticket inspector buss (m) = bus dyrere = more expensive én = one enklest = simplest, easiest forhåpentligvis = hopefully å forklare = to explain fortsatt = still å fungere = to work, to function å få til = to manage har kjøpt = have bought hel = whole; helt (neuter form) å hjelpe = to help i tillegg = in addition kafé = cafe, coffee shop kiosk (m) = kiosk kjøpt = past tense of å kjøpe = to buy å koble til = to connect konduktør (m) = conductor kredittkort (n) = credit card laste ned = down load man = one, anyone måned (m) = month offentlig = public på forhånd = in advance reise (m/f) = trip å reise = to travel sentrum (n) = centre sikker = sure, secure å spørre = to ask

6 sted (n) = place å stoppe = to stop stykke (n) = a piece, distance å ta = to take å ta fram = to take out t-bane = tube, metro, subway; tunnel bane telefon (m) = phone, mobile å tilknytte = attach tog (n) = train å trenge = to need trikk (m) = tram uke (m/f) = week å vise = to show år (n) = year Prepositions Prepositions are used to connect pronouns or nouns to another phrase or word in a sentence. Unfortunately there are not many rules for how they are used or what preposition to use. The best way to learn them is the same way as you learned the prepositions in your own language. Listen and repeat. Thankfully there are some basic rules: i = in på = on i en by i et land på et sted på ei øy på landet in a town in a country in a place on an island in the countryside i London i Oslo i Spania i Norge på Grünerløkka på Stovner på Grønland på Gran Canaria in London in Oslo in Spain in Norway in Grünerløkka in Stovner in Greenland in Gran Canaria

7 6.2.5 Verbs and prepositions: Like in English, a preposition placed after a verb, may change the meaning of the whole sentence. These subtleties can be hard to understand and to learn, but thankfully most good grammar books and dictionaries give good explanations and examples of how they are used and what they mean in different settings. Of course, it will take time to learn, but don t panic, most of the time, people will understand you, even if you use the wrong preposition. However, this doesn t give you an excuse not to try to learn them, if you want to master Norwegian, or at least try to make yourself properly understood. å vente på å gå på å gå av å skrive om å skrive til å snakke om å snakke til å fortelle om å tenke på å lete etter å leve etter å vaske opp to wait for to get on to get off to write about to write to to talk about to talk to to tell about to think about to look for to live by to do the dishes Examples: Kan du vente på meg? Du må gå på bussen i Storgata. Du må gå av bussen på Storo. Hun har skrevet en bok om vikingene. Han skriver en e-post til sjefen sin. De snakker om været. Hør etter når jeg snakker til deg. Jeg kan fortelle deg om det en annen gang. Hva tenker du på? Jeg leter etter bilnøkkelen. Det er en god regel å leve etter. Han liker faktisk å vaske opp. Can you wait for me? You have to get on the bus at Storgata. You have to get off the bus at Storo. She has written a book about the Vikings. He is writing an to his boss. They are talking about the weather. Listen to me when I m speaking to you! I can tell you about that another time. What are you thinking about? I m looking for the car key. That is a good rule to live by. He actually likes to do the dishes.

8 6.3.1 Maria blir kjent i Oslo Maria får lastet ned RuterAppen på telefonen sin. Hun får hjelp av en hyggelig servitør på kaféen der hun sitter. Hun ser på prisene på de forskjellige billettene. Hun tror det beste alternativet for henne, er å kjøpe en månedsbillett. Da kan hun reise så mye hun vil innen én måned. Servitøren hjelper henne med å kjøpe månedsbillett. Nå er hun klar for å utforske Oslo. Hun tar trikken opp til Frogner og går en tur i Vigelandsparken. Det er vakkert der. Hun blir fascinert av alle statuene. Det må ha tatt lang tid å lage alle dem. Så tar hun t-banen opp til Holmenkollen. Hun vil gjerne se det kjente skianlegget. Der går hun opp alle trappene til restauranten under hoppbakken. Utsikten derfra er fantastisk. Hun kjøper en kopp kaffe og sitter og ser utover Oslofjorden. Det er trist at hun er alene, men hun tar et bilde og legger på Facebook. Dette må hun vise til vennene sine Translation: Maria gets to know Oslo Maria downloads the Ruter app to her phone. She gets help from a nice waiter at the cafe where she is sitting. She looks at the prices of the different tickets. She thinks the best option for her is to buy a season ticket that will last her a month. Then she can travel as much as she wants within this month. The waiter helps her to buy the season ticket. Now she is ready to explore Oslo. She takes the tram up to Frogner and goes for a walk in the Vigeland Park. It's beautiful there. She is fascinated by all the statues. It must have taken a long time to make all of them. Then she takes the metro up to Holmenkollen. She would like to see the famous ski resort. There she walks up all the stairs to the restaurant under the ski jump. The view from there is amazing. She buys a cup of coffee and sits there looking out on the Oslo Fjord. It is sad that she is alone, but she takes a photo and posts it on Facebook. This she must show to her friends New words: alternativ (n) = alternative av = by, of best = best; beste (sing. def./pl. indef. + def.) derfra = from there fantastisk = fantastic fascinert = fascinated forskjellig = different; forskjellige (pl.) å gå en tur = to go for a walk

9 hoppbakke (m) = ski jump innen = within kjent = known; kjente (sing. def./pl. indef. + def.) klar = ready å lage = to make lang = long å legge = to put månedskort (n) = season ticket for one month pris (m) = price servitør (m) = waiter, waitress skianlegg (n) = ski resort statue (m) = statue så mye hun vil = as much as she wants tid (m) = time trapp (m/f) = staircase trist = sad å tro = to think, believe (not knowing) tur (m) = a walk, a trip under = under, below, beneath å utforske = to explore utover = out, out from the place you are utsikt (m) = view vakker = beautiful; vakkert (n) Vigelandsparken = Frognerparken; famous park made by Gustav Vigeland Nouns: As you may have understood by now, nouns in Norwegian are not conjugated in the same way as in English, by placing an article in front or just by adding an -s. In Norwegian we add an ending to the word, and sometimes we even add an article in front. There are patterns on how to do this. (For more and better explanations, go to some of the grammar books or pages suggested on our web page.) The articles used in singular indefinite are en = a/an for masculine, ei = a/an for feminine and et = a/an for neuter. As said before, all feminine nouns can also be conjugated in masculine form. Does this mean you don t have to learn the feminine form? Not necessarily. At least you need to understand the feminine form, which is quite different from the masculine. In most Norwegian dialects they use the feminine form.

10 Here is a little start: Singular indefinite Singular definite Plural indefinite Plural definite masculine en buss = a bus bussen = the bus busser = busses bussene = the busses en mann = a man mannen = the man menn = men mennene = the men en dag = a day dagen = the day dager = days dagene = the days feminine ei trapp = a staircase trappa = the staircase trapper = staircases trappene = the staircases ei jente = a girl jenta = the girl jenter = girls jentene = the girls ei hylle = a shelf hylla = the shelf hyller = shelves hyllene = the shelves neuter et svar = an answer svaret = the answer svar = answers svarene = the answers et brev = a letter brevet = the letter brev = letters brevene = the letters et hus = a house huset = the house hus = houses husene = the houses Some nouns in neuter do not get an ending in plural indefinite, as seen above. Those usually have only one syllable. Those with more than one syllable, normally have an ending in plural indefinite: et sted = a place stedet = the place steder = places stedene = the places et eple = an apple eplet = the apple epler = apples eplene = the apples And of course there are irregular nouns, like these: et barn = a child barnet = the child barn = children barna = the children ei tann = a tooth tanna = the tooth tenner = teeth tennene = the teeth et kne = a knee kneet = the knee knær = knees knærne = the knees et tre = a tree treet = the tree trær = trees trærne = the trees et øye = an eye øyet = the eye øyne = eyes øynene = the eyes Adjectives Adjectives are words used to describe pronouns or nouns. They are conjugated according to the pronouns or nouns they describe: masc./fem neuter plural stor stort store big lang langt lange long varm varmt varme warm kald kaldt kalde cold gul gult gule yellow grønn grønt grønne green god godt gode good

11 Examples: Jeg har ei stor jakke. De har et stort hus. Kyr har store øyne. Det er lang vei til skolen. Han har langt hår. Hun har lange fletter. Det er en varm sommerdag. I dag er det varmt. Hun har varme hender. Det er en kald vinterdag. Er det kaldt i dag? Han har kalde føtter. Hun har gul genser. Han har gult hår. Jens har gule sko. Han har grønn skjorte. Hun har et grønt skjørt. Katten har grønne øyne. Maten er god. Det er godt å se deg. Hun gir deg gode råd. I have a big jacket. They have a big house. Cows have big eyes. It s a long way to the school. He has long hair. She has long braids. It s a warm summer s day. Today it s warm/hot. She has warm hands. It s a cold winter s day. Is it cold today? He has cold feet. She has a yellow jumper. He has yellow hair. Jens has yellow shoes. He has a green shirt. She has a green skirt. The cat has green eyes. The food is good. It s good to see you. She gives you good advice (pl).