Vitenskapelig publisering, genre og tradisjoner

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1 Vitenskapelig publisering, genre og tradisjoner Nils Pharo

2 Oversikt Definisjon Historisk perspektiv Genre Disiplinære forskjeller Case

3 Oppgave Hva kjennetegner vitenskapelig publisering?

4 Definisjon av vitenskapelig publisering En vitenskapelig publikasjon må: presentere ny innsikt være i en form som gjør resultatene etterprøvbare eller anvendelige i ny forskning være i et språk og ha en distribusjon som gjør den tilgjengelig for de fleste forskere som kan ha interesse av den være i en publiseringskanal (tidsskrift, serie, bokutgiver, nettsted) med rutiner for "fagfellevurdering" (Vekt på forskning: nytt system for dokumentasjon av vitenskapelig publisering)

5 Ny innsikt? Hva med verifisering av eksisterende forskning? Hva med negative resultater?

6 Krav til etterprøvbarhet Svært nøyaktig dokumentasjon! Åpne data?

7 Språk og distribusjon Engelsk er lingua franca

8 Fagfellevurdering Eksperter vurderer kvaliteten og anbefaler (ikke) publisering Anonymt (?)

9 Formål med vitenskapelig publisering «De [vitenskapelige akademiene] ere Societeter, som bestaae af lærde Mænd, hvilke samles paa visse Tider, for at communicere hinanden deres Tanker, saaledes, at enhver lader sine Inventioner og Skrifter see og corrigere af det heele Societet.» (Ludvig Holberg, 1744)

10 Historisk De første vitenskapelige tidsskrift kom i 1665 Journal des sçavans Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society By Henry Oldenburg - Philosophical Transactions, CC BY 4.0, /w/index.php?curid=

11 Funding for research communication Copyright restrictions, licences New scientific knowledge Communicate the results informally Informally communicated results 1 Communicate the results through publication 2 Publication Share the data Data in repositories New empirical data 3 Face to face meetings ICT tools Publishers and infomediaries Scientific data repositories NODE: TITLE: Communicate the results NUMBER: A3

12 New scientific knowledge Publish the results Funding for publishing Funding for access to publications Publication or copy of publication 1 Facilitate dissemination and retrieval 2 Locally available publication Study the publication 3 Disseminated scientific knowledge Publish secondary accounts of the results 4 Secondary accounts of the results Citations Publisher Author Infomediaries Scientists NODE: TITLE: Communicate the results through publication NUMBER: A32

13 New scientific knowledge Scientific writing style W rite manuscript Open access mandates Manuscript Journal rankings Norms of scientific publication Commercial publishing considerations 1 Author Choose where to submit or negotiate publishing 2 Choice of journal or publisher Produce publication Publication or copy of publication 3 Publisher Rejected manuscript NODE: TITLE: Publish the results NUMBER: A321

14 Commercial publishing considerations Peer review guidelines Manuscript Publish as monograph Monograph 1 Publish as conference paper Conference paper 2 Oral conference presentation Publish as scholarly journal article 3 Journal article Research lab, university Commercial book publisher Conference organiser Journal NODE: TITLE: Produce publication NUMBER: A3213

15 Guidelines of research lab Thesis approval procedures Commercial publishing considerations Manuscript Publish as report Report 1 Publish as thesis Thesis 2 Publish as book Book 3 Research lab, university University Commercial book publisher NODE: TITLE: Publish as monograph NUMBER: A32131

16 Publisher's business strategy Peer review guidelines Do publisher's general activities 1 Publisher's IT platform "Big deal" revenue Journal business strategy Publisher revenue Do journal specific activities 2 Subscription revenue Article publication charge Article manuscript Process article 3 Journal article Publisher's IT staff Publisher's administrative staff Editor Author Reviewers NODE: TITLE: Publish as scholarly journal article NUMBER: A32133

17 Journal business strategy Market journal 1 market demand for journal Journal pricing Issue frequency Negotiate and manage subscriptions List of subscribers 2 Plan and manage issues Journal schedule 3 Publisher's administrative staff Subscription sponsors Editor NODE: TITLE: Do journal specific activities NUMBER: A321332

18 Article manuscript Peer review guidelines Do peer review Publisher's copyright policy OA mandates by funders, universities Funding for article charges Journal schedule Rejected manuscript 1 Negotiate copyright Copyright agreement 2 Pay article charge Article charge Accepted manuscript 3 Do technical phases of publishing Journal article 4 Editor Reviewers Author Publisher Universities, research funders NODE: TITLE: Process article NUMBER: A321333

19 Personal network of the editor Peer review guidelines Rejected manuscript Article manuscript Manage the review process 1 Choice of reviewers Accepted manuscript Review manuscript Reviews 2 Revise manuscript 3 Revised manuscript Editor Software to support the review process Reviewers Author NODE: TITLE: Do peer review NUMBER: A

20 Accepted manuscript Copyedit manuscript 1 Copyedited manuscript Journal schedule List of subscribers Queue for publishing 2 Manuscript at head of queue Embed in issue Manscript embedded in journal issue 3 Manuscript to be published individually Duplicate and distribute article Journal article 4 Publisher's technical staff NODE: TITLE: Do technical phases of publishing NUMBER: A

21 Manscript embedded in journal issue Manuscript to be published individually Print paper issue 1 Publisher's printing department Printed paper issue Distribute paper issues to subcribers List of subscribers Mail service Publisher's IT platform NODE: TITLE: Duplicate and distribute article NUMBER: A control access to electronic version 3 Publish electronic version Distributed paper issue 4 Electronic version available on the web Alerting messages

22 Meta data standards Funding for access to publications Legislation concerning preservation Development of preservation technology Manuscript Publication or copy of publication Purchasable publication Facilitate retrieval globally 1 Purchasable publication Facilitate retrieval locally Open access copy of publication or manuscript 2 Locally available publication Preserve publication Preserved publication 3 Author Infomediaries Local libraries National libraries NODE: TITLE: Facilitate dissemination and retrieval NUMBER: A322

23 Publication or copy of publication Commercial incentives Bundle publications from different sources into E-service Incentives, norms, mandates 1 Copyrigth agreements Meta data standards Publication available as part of E-series Manuscript Make manuscript or copy of publication openly available on the web 2 Open access copy of publication or manuscript Integrate meta data into search service 3 Searchable metadata Infomediaries E-print repositories Author Search engines Indexing services NODE: TITLE: Facilitate retrieval globally NUMBER: A3221

24 University and funder mandates concering OA Manuscript Post on personal web pages Publication or copy of publication 1 Post in institutional repository OA copy of publications or manuscript 2 Post in subject specific repository 3 Make manuscript or copy of publication openly available on the web NODE: TITLE: NUMBER: A32212 Author Institutional repository Subject-specific repository

25 Meta data standards OAI standard Publication Index in edited bibliographic index Searchable metadata 1 Open access copy of publication or manuscript Index in web harvester for scientific content 2 Index in general web search engine 3 Indexing services Search engines NODE: TITLE: Integrate meta data into search service NUMBER: A32213

26 Funding for access to publications Negotiate subscriptions and licenses 1 Subscriptions Licenses Purchasable publication Make paper publication available inside organisation 2 Locally available publication Make electronic publication available inside organisation 3 Publisher and infomediaries Local libraries NODE: TITLE: Facilitate retrieval locally NUMBER: A3222 University intranet

27 Cite in your own publication Citations 1 Disseminated scientific knowledge Report on results in review articles 2 Include results in university textbooks Review articles University textbooks 3 Report in popular media Media reports of the results 4 Scientists Journalists NODE: TITLE: Publish secondary accounts of the results NUMBER: A324

28 Former for vitenskapelig publisering Vitenskapelig artikkel Vitenskapelig monografi Vitenskapelig antologi Vitenskapelig kapittel Liten brøkdel av faglig publikasjon og formidling! 2015: 785 vitenskapelige publikasjoner 1 ved HiOA ( på nivå 2) 1) I følge NSDs publiseringskanalregister

29 Eksempel på publiseringsmønstre den Hertog, Pim; Jager, Cor-Jan; Vankan, Arthur; te Velde, Robbin; Veldkamp, Jaap; Aksnes, Dag W.; Sivertsen, Gunnar; van Leeuwen, Thed; van Wijk, Erik; (2014). Science, Technology & Innovation Indicators Scholarly publication patterns in the social sciences and humanities and their relationship with research assessment. Dialogic

30 Virkelighetssjekk i Cristin

31 Oppgave Sammen eller enkeltvis i Cristins avanserte søk: 1. Velg en insitusjon med underenhet, for eksempel et institutt ved UiO 2. Klikk «NVI-poster» 3. Velg årstall Gå gjennom resultatene, notér interessante funn 5. Gjenta med en annen enhet med annen profil 6. Forbered kort presentasjon for klassen

32 Disiplinære forskjeller Naturvitenskapene: tidsskriftartikler Humaniora: bøker Samfunnsvitenskap: blanding Hvorfor?

33 Publisering ved vitenskapelige institusjoner Vitenskapelig publisering utgjør en brøkdel av all publisering i UH-sektoren (ved HiOA 18,4 % av all publisering i 2016) Cristin-rapport:

34 Publiseringsstrategier og -målsetninger Formål Målgruppe Eksterne krav og forventninger Språk Tid Penger

35 Effekter av biomedisinsk forskning Lewison (2005). Beyond SCI citations New ways to evaluate research. Current Science, 89(9),

36 Semesteroppgaver, eksempler fra 2016 Hvilke faktorer påvirker forskere i institusjon X fra å publisere åpent? System X: diskusjon av hvordan det imøtekommer utfordringer med deling av forskningsdata Sammenlikning og drøfting av forskjellen på publiseringsmønstre ved utvalgte høyskoler med utdanning innen <fag X> Hvordan kan man øke bruken av langtidsbevart arkivmateriale til forskning? Dokumentasjon av kunstnerlig utviklingsarbeid i Cristin Gjennomsiktighet i betingelser for å publisere åpent i forskjellige tidsskrifter Åpen tilgang til monografier