Vitenskapelig kommunikasjon. Nils Pharo

Transkript

1 Vitenskapelig kommunikasjon Nils Pharo

2 Innhold Introduksjon Forelesningsoversikt Modeller for vitenskapelig kommunikasjon Introduksjon til sentrale begreper Semesteroppgave

3 Introduksjon Hvem er du? Hva er din bakgrunn? Hva er dine forventninger til kurset?

4 Forelesninger høsten 2016 Uke Tema 34 Introduksjon 35 Gjesteforelesning, Curt Rice 36 Vitenskapelig publisering, genre og tradisjoner 37 Åpen vitenskap 38 Åpen tilgang til vitenskapelige tekster, finansiering og infrastruktur 40 Åpne data, kunnskapsinfrastrukturer 41 Åpne data, datakuratering 43 Evaluering av vitenskapelig kommunikasjon 44 Bibliometri, Gunnar Sivertsen 45 Bibliometri, Gunnar Sivertsen 46 Seminar om forskningsdata (Gardermoen) 47 Presentasjon av semesteroppgaver 48 Repetisjon

5 Sentrale begreper Vitenskapelig kommunikasjon Åpen vitenskap Åpne data Åpen tilgang/open access

6 Vitenskapelig kommunikasjon? Perspektivavhengig: KJM4020 (UiO) SPRÅK3501 (NTNU) MBIB4150 (HiOA) Prosess som inneholder aktivitetene knyttet til det å skape, lagre og dele vitenskapelig fundert kunnskap

7 Modeller av vitenskapelige kommunikasjon Garvey & Griffith (1965) (psykologi) UNISIST model (1971) (generell modell) Revised UNISIST (2003) (internett- og domenetilpasset)

8 Internettintegrert modell av vitenskapelig kommunikasjon Björks modell

9 Scientific curios ity Scientific problem s Econom ic incentives Exis ting Scientific Knowledge Do res earch, communicate and apply the res ults 0 New scientific knowledge Better quality of life Stakeholders in the R&D proces s NODE: TITLE: Do research, communicate and apply the results NUMBER: A-0 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

10 Public sector funding Private sector funding Fund R&D 1 Scientific problem s Funding for R&D Funding for res earch Funding for res earch com m unication Priorities for s cientific problems to be s olved Funding for indus trial developm ent Exis ting Scientific Knowledge Perform the res earch 2 New scientific knowledge Communicate the results 3 Diss em inated scientific knowledge Publication Apply the Knowledge Res earch funders Scientists Publishers and infom ediaries Readers Com panies 4 Better quality of life Governm ent NODE: TITLE: Do research, communicate and apply the results NUMBER: A0 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

11 Norm s of science Priorities for s cientific problems to be s olved Publications, CV's Evaluate prior res earch of applicants 1 Evaluations of res earch perform ance Res earch propos als Evaluate res earch propos als 2 Evaluations of res earch proposals Available funding Make funding decisions 3 Funding for R&D Peer res earchers Indus trial experts Res earch funders NODE: TITLE: Fund R&D NUMBER: A1 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

12 Rules of res earch funder or univers ity CV's, lists of publications Publications of applicant Metadata of the publications of applicants Citations Evaluate the publications them selves 1 Evaluations of individual publications Input the meta data in CRIS systems 2 Overview of res earch output Produce citation statistics 3 Make evaluation of res earch perform ance 5 Citation statistics of individual res earcher Impact factors Evaluations of res earch perform ance Rank s cientific journals 4 Journal rankings Peer res earchers Univers ity CRIS s ys tem Google scholar etc ISI Scientific com m unities NODE: TITLE: Evaluate prior research of applicants NUMBER: A11 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

13 Exis ting Scientific Knowledge Study existing scientific knowledge Inform ation search habits 1 Conceptual fram ework and hypotheses of the res earch Scientific m ethod Data from existing repositories Internet Library services Collect data from external exis ting repositories 2 Mus eums, archives, statistical services Collected data Data bases with scientific data Do experiments and make observations 3 Res earch equipm ent New em pirical data Analyse and draw conclus ion 4 Analysis tools New scientific knowledge NODE: TITLE: Perform the research NUMBER: A2 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

14 Funding for res earch com m unication Copyright res trictions, licences New scientific knowledge Communicate the res ults inform ally 1 Inform ally communicated res ults Communicate the res ults through publication 2 Publication Share the data Data in repositories New em pirical data 3 Face to face meetings ICT tools Publishers and infom ediaries Scientific data repositories NODE: TITLE: Communicate the results NUMBER: A3 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

15 New scientific knowledge Publish the res ults Funding for publis hing Funding for access to publications Publication or copy of publication 1 Facilitate dis semination and retrieval 2 Locally available publication Study the publication 3 Diss em inated scientific knowledge Publish secondary accounts of the results 4 Secondary accounts of the res ults Citations Publisher Author Infom ediaries Scientists NODE: TITLE: Communicate the results through publication NUMBER: A32 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

16 University textbooks Disseminated scientific knowledge Educate professionals 1 Trained researchers Trained practitioners Regulate industry and society 2 Do industrial development Funding for industrial development Laws, standards, patents etc. 3 Apply in practice Better quality of life 4 Universities Government Standardisation organisations Companies Society, individuals NODE: TITLE: Apply the Knowledge NUMBER: A4 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

17 Copyrigth restrictions on reusing material Publication University textbooks Produce teaching material 1 University teaching material Trained researchers Teach students 2 Trained practitioners Teach practitioners 3 University teachers Professional training organisations NODE: TITLE: Educate professionals NUMBER: A41 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

18 Disseminated scientific knowledge Standardisation practice Patent law Legal and political system Define standards Standards 1 Grant patents Patents New products, tools and methods 2 Legislate and define public policy Laws and regulations 3 Standardisation organisations Patent authorities Government NODE: TITLE: Regulate industry and society NUMBER: A42 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

19 Disseminated scientific knowledge Take into account in the treatment of patients 1 Take into account in company practice 2 Take into account in your life-style 3 Understand the world better Better medical care More efficient companies More ecological and healty lifestyle Better understanding of the world 4 Practicing physicians Industry practitioners Private individuals NODE: TITLE: Apply in practice NUMBER: A44 Bo-Christer Björk, 2007

20 Åpen vitenskap Formålet med åpen vitenskap er å synliggjøre mest mulig av den vitenskapelige aktiviteten Tilgjengeliggjøre og dele metoder, verktøy, data og resultater Internett gjør dette mulig Effektivisere kunnskapsproduksjon «Tools that amplify our collective intelligence» Michael Nielsen Forelesning 13. september

21 Åpen tilgang Open access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions (Suber 2012, s. 4) Open access-bevegelsen startet med krav om å gjøre forskningspublikasjoner gratis tilgjengelig for allmennheten Tema uke 38 og 39(?)

22 Åpne data Økende krav om tilgjengeliggjøring av forskningsdata i kjølvannet av åpen tilgang til forskningspublikasjoner Tema uke 40 og 41

23 Semesteroppgave Vurderingsform er todelt, en semesteroppgave og en individuell skriftlig 3- dagers hjemmeeksamen. Semesteroppgaven kan skrives individuelt - omfang skal da være på ca 15 sider, eller den kan skrives i gruppe av 2-3 studenter - omfang skal da være på ca 20 sider. Selvvalgt tema som godkjennes på forhånd.