BÆREKRAFTIG OPPGRADERING SURE - EIT NORDISK FORSKNINGSPROSJEKT

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1 BÆREKRAFTIG OPPGRADERING SURE - EIT NORDISK FORSKNINGSPROSJEKT Anders-Johan Almås, PhD-stipendiat NTNU/SINTEF Byggforsk/Multiconsult 01. November 2011 aja@multiconsult.no 1

2 Dette må vi unngå

3 Agenda Utfordringar for eksisterande bygningsmasse i Norge SURE-prosjektet Case Metode State of the art i Norden Kort presentasjon av nordisk veileder for bærekraftig oppgradering 3

4 Utfordringar Bakgrunn: - SURE-prosjektet - KRD rapport (Kluge&Multiconsult) 1. Lover og forskrifter 2. Energieffektivisering 3. Inneklima 4. Universell utforming 5. Bygningsvern og bygningsfysikk 6. Tekniske system og teknisk utstyr 7. Drift og bruk 8. Tilpasningsdyktighet 9. Klimatilpasning 10. Nybygg blir fort eksisterande bygg 4

5 Utfordring 1: Lover og forskrifter Forskriftene er primært retta mot nybygg Uklare reglar for eksisterande bygg Upresise begrep Gir rom for ulike tolkingar Dispensasjon er utbredt Energikrav er basert på netto energibehov gir eit tal som ikkje er reelt 5

6 Utfordring 2: Energieffektivisering av eksisterande bygg Skjerpa forskriftskrav Passivhuskrav Nullenergikrav Er det mulig? Ja Er det enkelt? Nei Er det bærekraftig? I enkelte tilfeller ja I andre tilfeller nei Bør bli meir fokus på levert energi, primærenergi (fornybar energi) for eksisterande bygg 6

7 Utfordring 3: Inneklima Tettare bygg Balansert ventilasjonsanlegg Tjukkare veggar mindre uttørking, meir sårbart for fuktskadar Med riktig design og riktig drift vil dette gå bra MEN; Avhengig av at ventilasjonsanlegget blir drifta riktig Må skifte filter Genererer vedlikehold 7

8 Utfordring 4: Universell utforming Utfordrande Bæreveggar, vernehensyn, bygningsfysikk etc Heis store tekniske og økonomiske utfordringar Krever stor bredde i korridorar Krever stor plass på toalett og bad Enklare Terskelfritt Automatiske dører Kontrast, ledelys etc. Differensierte krav? Ambisjon vs. Konsekvens Det er ikkje gratis å redde verden 8

9 Utfordring 5: Bygningsvern og bygningsfysikk Bygg med vernestatus byr på store utfordringar Fasade Vindu Tekniske føringar Utvendig vs. innvendig isolasjon Varevindu på innsida av eks. vindu Kan kreve forenkla ventilasjonssystem og oppvarmingssystem 9

10 Utfordring 6: Tekniske system og teknisk utstyr Er i ferd med å bli den store stygge ulven (mht energi) Store dimensjonar Aukande komfortbehov Stor auke i energibehov til teknisk utstyr (TV, PC, Jacuzzi) Men; Er ein bransje i endring Ny teknologi Strengare krav (spesielt til luftmengder) 10

11 Utfordring 7: Drift og bruk Omtrent 90 % av energibehovet er knytta til driftsfasen Komplekst system gir kompleks drift (Keep it simple) Overtagelsesfasen er viktig Opplæring av driftspersonell EOS Energioppfølgingssystem Måling, kontroll og justering Brukerveiledning Holdningsendring mulig? Dette må vi klare om vi skal klare energimåla 11

12 Utfordring 8: Tilpasningsdyktighet, LCC og LCA 12

13 Utfordring 9. Klimatilpasning Konsekvensar: Hyppigare råteskadar Større omfang av råteskadar Råteskadar i nye områder Tiltak: Strengare krav til robuste bygg både ved nybygging og oppgradering Bruk av klimasoner ved prosjektering Strengare krav til utførelse og tildekking i byggefase Lav råterisiko Moderat råterisiko Høy råterisiko Antall bygninger i dag Antall bygninger i år

14 Havnivåstigning 1 meter? 14

15 Utfordring 10. Nybygg blir fort eksisterande bygg Meget god utvikling for nybygg; Lavenergistandard, passivhusstandard og nullenergibygg Bygningskroppen blir energieffektiv Dei neste store utfordringane for nybygg: Tekniske system Ventilasjon Kjøling Teknisk utstyr Måling Drift Bruk 15

16 Anbefalte tiltak for eksisterande bygg (Rapport for KRD - Kluge&Multiconsult) Overordna: Eget direktorat for bygninger, samt samkjøre innsatsen i de ulike departementene, for eksempel når det gjelder energi- og miljøspørsmål, ikke bare i forhold til regelverk, men også forsking og utvikling. 5 forslag til endringer knyttet til Plan og Bygningslovgivningen en egen forskrift for eksisterende bygninger krav også til mindre tiltak at sentrale begreper gis en klar definisjon (for eksempel hovedombygging) at dispensasjon utløser krav om kompensasjon at energikravene baseres på levert energi og primærenergi 4 forslag til virkemidler utenfor Plan og Bygningslovgivningen Mulighet for støtte gjennom inntektsskattesystemet (jfr det svenske ROT-fradraget) Bygningsrapport hvert 5. år Offentlig miljøklassifiseringsverktøy for bygninger (og byplanlegging) i Norge Offentlige bygninger som fyrtårn 16

17 SURE prosjektet Eit nordisk forskningsprosjekt for bærekraftig oppgradering av bygningar State of the art 11 case studie Client as a change agent Anbudsdokument, strategi etc. Evaluering, workshops Nordisk Veileder 2011 Norsk versjon

18 Sustainability is the capacity to endure. This involves both environmental, social and economical issues. Therefore, aiming for a sustainable refurbishment of buildings is both complex and challenging. First you need to define your strategy on sustainability. What is sustainable for you and your environment? Thereafter you need to create a performance profile of your building. Based on the building performance, your ambitions and available resources you are able to point out the way for a sustainable refurbishment. This guideline will guide you through the right steps towards a sustainable refurbishment. Please click Start guideline in the bottom right corner to start the journey.

19 You are here Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

20 Sustainable indicators Strategy methodology Social Indoor climate Adaptability Comfort Usability Safety and accessability Cultural values Environmental Energy Material Economic Life cycle costs Value Technical std. Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

21 There are often mismatch between ambition level and finances. The finance model should be decided in a very early phase of the project. Who will finance the project? Are there any support funds that can help founding? Will the rental income increase? How much? How long is the payback time on the different measures? Which will be the major costs? Which functions are absolutely necessary to improve, and what will It cost? Click here to define your ambition level for the different sustainable indicators. In the next step of the Guideline, you will create a performance profile of the building. The performance profile should thereafter be compared to the ambition level to reveal the most challenging measures for refurbishment. Finance models Plot opportunities Life Cycle Cost Support funds Area efficiency Rental income Increased value Change layout? Add a floor? Sell or Use? Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

22 There is no use of planning a refurbishment without knowing the performance profile of the building. Therefore, a survey should be conducted in a very early phase of the project. An example of a performance profile is shown below. Please click here to create a performance profile of your building. Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

23 The performance profile should be compiled with the project ambitions and finances. This will reveal which measures to focus on, and give an indication on whether to tear down or refurbish the building. If it`s concluded to refurbish the building, the ambitions should be revised based on the analysis. Thereafter, a priority list on measures should be conducted. Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

24 You are here Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

25 Based on the strategic analysis including finances, performance profile and ambition level, it`s now decided to refurbish the building. (If the decision is to tear down the building, the guideline ends here). The ambition level has been revised and a priority list on measures is finalized. Now, the planners have to set targets for the approx. 50 sustainable indicators evaluated in the performance profile. The targets should be quantitative, as far as possible. They should also reflect ambitiousness, available finances and technical, realistic measures. Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

26 One of the most challenging tasks in a refurbishment project is to find the right guy for the job. It`s all about selecting the right expert teams to handle the different phases of the project. Sometimes the same team can be used in several phases, maybe also throughout the whole project, but anyhow there must be a team selection in at least the following 8 phases; 1. Condition survey, 2. Create a performance profile, 3. Strategic analysis (together with the building owner), 4. Early design, 5.Design, 6. Construction, 7. Operation and maintenance, 8. Monitoring, enforcement and evaluation. Each of the selection processes should include a description of the task, criteria for the selection, a tender request, tender evaluation and contracting. An example of requirement setting for selecting a team is shown on the figure below. Requirement category Description Example Qualification requirements Requirements to the provider who wants to participate in the contest. If the provider does not meet the qualification requirements, he is rejected. Tax and duty matters are ok. The provider has experience from similar missions. The quality system of the provider is satisfactory. Award criteria: Criteria to choose the most favorable offer, i.e. which provider should be chosen. Cost 50 % Experiences 25 % Understanding of the task 25 % Specification requirements: Requirements for the deliveries. Design a passive house standard Install a heat pump with detailed specifications Waste management specifications Insulation thickness in the wall Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

27 Even if the Quality Program for Sustainable Refurbishment (QPSR) is well documented and decided, the program will not implement itself into the different processes of the refurbishment project. Therefore, it is of high importance that an evaluation of the quality program is required in all the phases of the project. The project management should impose the designers and contractors to review the QPSR (checklist) to ensure that the sustainable indicator requirements are addressed. In the Hand Over phase, the building owner and the contractor should check the QPSR together. Last but not least, the operating personnel should have strict guidelines on regularly checks and evaluations during the whole operational phase. Design Check & Evaluate Construction Check & Evaluate Hand Over Check & Evaluate Operation Check & Evaluate Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

28 You are here Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

29 When the requirements in the Quality Program of Sustainable Refurbishment (QPSR) is evaluated in the different phases of the project, they could prove to be incorrect. In that case, the designer, the contractor, the building owner or the operating personnel need an action plan to know how to act to improve the performance of the indicator. This is the only way to ensure high quality on the sustainable indicators of the building. The figure below shows examples of how this could be implemented in the QPSR. Indicator Delivered energy Target value (QPSR) Current value (checked) 80 kwh/m 2 y 120 kwh/m 2 y Action if mismatch in design phase Revise the energy calculation - More insulation - Solar shading - Reduce ventilation rate - Increase heat recovery - Energy system - Energy source CO 2 -consentration Lux-level 2000 ppm 500lux 1000 ppm 300 lux Increase ventilation Change lighting system Increase window area Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

30 You are here Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation Next

31 In the operational phase, the sustainable indicators in the QPSR should be monitored continuously. But even if the performance of the building and its technical equipment fulfils the requirements, the behavior of the users could have a huge impact on the performance. Often, a sustainable refurbished building turns out to be unsustainable because of wrong use. Therefore, detailed user guidelines together with monitoring and involving, should be implemented into the operating procedures of the building, e.g. as exemplified here. User guidelines Waste: -Paper, plastic and organic waste should be sorted in each floor Monitoring Energy: - Energy consumption is displayed in reception area Involving Indoor climate: - The user can report unsatisfactory indoor climate Finance and Procurement Strategy Requirement Setting Selecting the Team Managing the Supply Operation and Maintenance Monitoring, Enforcement and Evaluation

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33 Takk for meg! Bærekraftig design??